Statistics Foundations Quiz

Questions and Answers

A ______ is the complete collection of individuals or measurements that have a characteristic in common.

population

A ______ is a portion or sub-set of the population from which information can be obtained.

sample

A ______ is a characteristic about each individual element of a sample, such as age or weight.

variable

Data consists of a set of values assigned to the ______ for each element belonging to a sample.

variable Signup and view all the answers

Attribute data is a type of data that is ______ in nature, such as colour or size.

qualitative Signup and view all the answers

A discrete variable data results from a ______, while continuous variable data arises from measurements.

count Signup and view all the answers

An experiment is a planned activity whose result yields a set of ______.

data Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a characteristic about an entire population which is measurable.

parameter Signup and view all the answers

The measure of a characteristic about a sample is called a ______.

statistic Signup and view all the answers

Organizing and summarizing data in an orderly presentation is known as ______ statistics.

Descriptive Signup and view all the answers

The ability to make generalized conclusions from a ______ by considering the characteristics of its parts is known as Inferential Statistics.

population Signup and view all the answers

A measurement scale that possesses a constant interval size but not a true zero point is called an ______ scale.

interval Signup and view all the answers

An ordinal scale measures ______ differences rather than quantitative differences.

relative Signup and view all the answers

A variable classified by some quality is said to be using a ______ scale of measurement.

Nominal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Definitions

Population: A complete collection of individuals or measurements sharing a common characteristic; can be finite or infinite.
Sample: A subset of the population, obtained randomly, which allows for generalizations and inferences about the entire population.
Variable: A characteristic of individuals in a sample, such as age, weight, height, and color.

Data Types

Data: A set of values assigned to variables for each element of a sample, categorized into two main types:
- Attribute Data: Qualitative information (e.g., color, size).
- Variable Data: Quantitative information, further divided into:
  - Discrete Variable Data: Results from counting (always discrete).
  - Continuous Variable Data: Results from measurements.

Core Concepts

Experiment: A planned activity that produces data.
Parameter: A measurable characteristic of an entire population, typically represented by Greek letters (e.g., µ, σ).
Statistic: A measure of a sample characteristic, used to estimate population parameters; typically represented by English letters (e.g., X, S).

Statistical Categories

Descriptive Statistics: The organization and summarization of data for orderly presentation.
Inferential Statistics: The process of making generalized conclusions about a population based on sample characteristics.

Measurement Scales

Ratio Scale: Numerical values assigned to variables with a true zero point.
Interval Scale: Measurement scales with a constant interval size but no true zero point.
Ordinal Scale: Measurement dealing with relative differences, rather than quantitative.
Nominal Scale: Classification of variables based on quality, not quantity.

Description

Test your understanding of key definitions in statistics including population, sample, and variables. This quiz is designed to reinforce your grasp of essential statistical concepts that form the basis of data analysis.