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Questions and Answers
A ______ is the complete collection of individuals or measurements that have a characteristic in common.
A ______ is the complete collection of individuals or measurements that have a characteristic in common.
population
A ______ is a portion or sub-set of the population from which information can be obtained.
A ______ is a portion or sub-set of the population from which information can be obtained.
sample
A ______ is a characteristic about each individual element of a sample, such as age or weight.
A ______ is a characteristic about each individual element of a sample, such as age or weight.
variable
Data consists of a set of values assigned to the ______ for each element belonging to a sample.
Data consists of a set of values assigned to the ______ for each element belonging to a sample.
Attribute data is a type of data that is ______ in nature, such as colour or size.
Attribute data is a type of data that is ______ in nature, such as colour or size.
A discrete variable data results from a ______, while continuous variable data arises from measurements.
A discrete variable data results from a ______, while continuous variable data arises from measurements.
An experiment is a planned activity whose result yields a set of ______.
An experiment is a planned activity whose result yields a set of ______.
A ______ is a characteristic about an entire population which is measurable.
A ______ is a characteristic about an entire population which is measurable.
The measure of a characteristic about a sample is called a ______.
The measure of a characteristic about a sample is called a ______.
Organizing and summarizing data in an orderly presentation is known as ______ statistics.
Organizing and summarizing data in an orderly presentation is known as ______ statistics.
The ability to make generalized conclusions from a ______ by considering the characteristics of its parts is known as Inferential Statistics.
The ability to make generalized conclusions from a ______ by considering the characteristics of its parts is known as Inferential Statistics.
A measurement scale that possesses a constant interval size but not a true zero point is called an ______ scale.
A measurement scale that possesses a constant interval size but not a true zero point is called an ______ scale.
An ordinal scale measures ______ differences rather than quantitative differences.
An ordinal scale measures ______ differences rather than quantitative differences.
A variable classified by some quality is said to be using a ______ scale of measurement.
A variable classified by some quality is said to be using a ______ scale of measurement.
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Study Notes
Key Definitions
- Population: A complete collection of individuals or measurements sharing a common characteristic; can be finite or infinite.
- Sample: A subset of the population, obtained randomly, which allows for generalizations and inferences about the entire population.
- Variable: A characteristic of individuals in a sample, such as age, weight, height, and color.
Data Types
- Data: A set of values assigned to variables for each element of a sample, categorized into two main types:
- Attribute Data: Qualitative information (e.g., color, size).
- Variable Data: Quantitative information, further divided into:
- Discrete Variable Data: Results from counting (always discrete).
- Continuous Variable Data: Results from measurements.
Core Concepts
- Experiment: A planned activity that produces data.
- Parameter: A measurable characteristic of an entire population, typically represented by Greek letters (e.g., µ, σ).
- Statistic: A measure of a sample characteristic, used to estimate population parameters; typically represented by English letters (e.g., X, S).
Statistical Categories
- Descriptive Statistics: The organization and summarization of data for orderly presentation.
- Inferential Statistics: The process of making generalized conclusions about a population based on sample characteristics.
Measurement Scales
- Ratio Scale: Numerical values assigned to variables with a true zero point.
- Interval Scale: Measurement scales with a constant interval size but no true zero point.
- Ordinal Scale: Measurement dealing with relative differences, rather than quantitative.
- Nominal Scale: Classification of variables based on quality, not quantity.
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