Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main roles of government in society?

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How does the United States government compare to other forms of government?

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Which of the following best describes politics in the context of government?

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What did John Locke suggest about natural rights?

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Which of the following is NOT typically provided by governments to their citizens?

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What was a key idea that Adam Smith advocated for regarding individual property rights?

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How does capitalism rely on individualism?

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What are public goods?

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What is a significant difference between socialism and capitalism as illustrated in the content?

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What is a toll good?

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What is the primary method through which U.S. citizens influence government decisions?

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Which concept supports the idea that certain rights cannot be taken away from minorities, even with majority opposition?

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In what way can political engagement manifest among citizens?

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What is a primary function of public goods provided by the government?

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What defines a representative democracy?

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Which of the following is an example of a common good?

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What role does the government play in a capitalist society, as mentioned in the content?

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How does the government provide services like police and fire departments?

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What is one major distinction between public goods and common goods?

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What role do elected representatives play in government funding and service provision?

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What is a characteristic of absolute monarchies?

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What do pluralist theorists believe about political power?

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What does the elite theory of government suggest?

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What group primarily makes up the U.S. Congress, based on educational background?

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How does a flat tax system affect individuals of different economic statuses?

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What is one major concern regarding fracking?

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How do members of Congress typically make voting decisions?

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What is a significant issue related to firearm regulation in the context of public safety?

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What trend has political scientist Robert Putnam identified in civic engagement?

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Which of the following represents a trade-off in environmental policy?

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What might influence an elected official to go against their party's stance?

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What is a primary reason why people engage in civic activities?

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What does pluralist theory suggest about political power in society?

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According to pluralist theory, why do individuals form groups?

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What is one outcome of the competition among interest groups in pluralist theory?

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What did Robert Dahl argue regarding politicians and ordinary citizens?

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What challenge does the First Amendment present in regard to public policy?

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What issue was highlighted by the case of McCullen v. Coakley?

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What is one argument in favor of fracking as mentioned in the content?

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How does the approach to public policy in elitist theory differ from pluralist theory?

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Flashcards

Representative Government

A form of government where citizens choose representatives to make laws for them.

Capitalism

An economic system where individuals own and control the means of production, competing freely to make profit.

Socialism

An economic system where the government owns and controls major industries and resources, redistributing wealth through social programs.

Public Goods

Goods and services provided by the government to everyone, typically without charge.

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Toll Goods

Goods and services available to those willing to pay for them.

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What is government?

The way a society organizes itself to make decisions and achieve shared goals. It provides essential services and manages resources.

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What are politics?

The process of gaining and using power within a government to set and achieve goals, especially related to dividing resources.

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What is a democratic republic?

A system where citizens choose their leaders through elections and have a say in how the government operates. Power is distributed across branches.

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What is capitalism?

An economic system where individuals and businesses own and control resources, and markets determine prices and distribution.

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What are natural rights?

The idea that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and should consent to being governed. It emphasizes individual freedom and limited government control.

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Common Goods

Resources that are available to all but have a limited supply, such as fish in the ocean or clean air. If overused, they become depleted.

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Government Regulation of Common Goods

The government's role in regulating the use of common goods to ensure sustainability and prevent depletion.

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Sustainability

The process of ensuring that natural resources, like fish populations or forests, are used at a rate that allows them to replenish themselves for future generations.

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Government Structure and Regulation

The set of rules and laws that govern the actions of individuals and businesses within a society.

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Representative Democracy

A political system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

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Direct Democracy

A political system where all citizens directly participate in decision-making.

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Elite-driven government

A political system where a small group of individuals holds most power.

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Civic Engagement

The process of citizens engaging with their government, such as voting or protesting.

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Majority Rule

The idea that the opinions of the majority should have more influence in government.

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Elite Theory

The theory that a small group of powerful individuals, such as wealthy business owners and military leaders, control government and policy decisions.

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Pluralist Theory

The theory that political power is distributed among many competing interest groups, who have influence over government decisions.

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Monarchy

Government by a single ruler, often inherited, whose power can be limited or absolute.

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Oligarchy

A form of government where a small group of individuals, typically wealthy or belonging to a certain party, holds all political power.

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Totalitarianism

A form of government where the state controls all aspects of citizens' lives, limiting rights and opposing any dissent.

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Tradeoff

When two or more desirable goals conflict, requiring a decision that prioritizes one over the other.

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Competing Interests

A situation where different groups in society have conflicting interests and priorities, leading to competing demands on government action.

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Local Interest vs. National Interest

A situation where individuals or groups prioritize the needs of their own communities or constituencies over broader national interests.

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Party Leadership's Influence

The influence of political party leaders on their members' votes, potentially overriding the interests of individual constituents.

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Government Resolution of Conflicting Concerns

The process by which governments address conflicting social values and needs through compromise and balancing competing interests.

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Elitist Theory

A political theory suggesting that a small group of elites, often wealthy and influential, control government, creating policies that primarily benefit their own interests.

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Free Speech Tradeoffs

An example of political tradeoffs that occur when protecting individual freedoms, like free speech, can potentially conflict with protecting the rights of others.

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Fracking

The practice of extracting natural gas by injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into underground shale formations to create fractures and release the gas.

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Electoral Payoff

The idea that politicians are responsive to the needs of politically active citizens who represent the interests of broader groups, influencing policy decisions.

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Federalism Debate

The ongoing debate between those favoring a strong central government with more power and those who champion state governments with greater autonomy.

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Interest Group Influence

The process of organized groups advocating for their interests, lobbying politicians, and engaging in political campaigns to influence policy outcomes.

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