Defining Abnormality: Personal Distress, Inability to Function, and Legal Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of mental illness according to the text?

  • Genetic inheritance
  • Psychological trauma
  • Environmental factors
  • Imbalances in bodily fluids (correct)

How did Hippocrates suggest that mental illness should be treated?

  • Through psychological counseling
  • By isolating the individuals
  • By using physical restraints
  • With emetics, laxatives, and leeches (correct)

Which approach did the Modern (Somatogenic) Model take towards people with mental disorders?

  • Asylums for segregation (correct)
  • Psychological treatment only
  • No treatment provided
  • Community integration

What did psychiatric reformers like Pinel and Dix advocate for in the 18-19th century?

<p>Moral treatment with dignity and respect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug introduced in the early 1950s was successful in decreasing symptoms of schizophrenia?

<p>Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What policy was initiated due to the success of medications like chlorpromazine?

<p>Deinstitutionalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the notion that the biological model of psychological disorders suggests?

<p>The root cause of psychological disorders will be found in a physical exam and reveal a hormonal or chemical imbalance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the biological model of psychological disorders is true, according to the text?

<p>There are many abnormal behaviors for which no biological cause has been identified. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provide?

<p>A classification system and diagnostic criteria for abnormal behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5 mentioned in the text?

<p>It relies heavily on a categorical, rather than dimensional model. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diagnostic criteria and decision rules in the DSM-5?

<p>To standardize communication between doctors and scientists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text state about the number of diagnoses in the DSM over time?

<p>The number of diagnoses has risen from 128 to 541. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>Significant impairment occurs nearly every day for more than a few weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the average number of episodes that people with MDD experience?

<p>5 to 6 episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not listed as an additional symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

<p>Heightened self-esteem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the rate of depression worldwide?

<p>The rate of depression is going up throughout the world, but the reason is unclear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential biological cause of Major Depressive Disorder mentioned in the passage?

<p>Both b and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>Women are 2 times as likely to be diagnosed with MDD compared to men (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding of the Rosenhan (1973) 'Sane in Insane Places' experiment?

<p>Mental health professionals labeled most of the pseudo-patients as suffering from schizophrenia and kept them hospitalized for an average of 19 days. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Thomas Szasz, what is the main problem with the medical model of mental illness?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is one of the ways the stigma of mental illness is manifested?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding of the Rosenhan (1973) experiment regarding the pseudo-patients' behavior?

<p>The pseudo-patients acted completely normally upon admission to the hospital. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the implication of the pseudo-patients being discharged with the label 'schizophreniain remission'?

<p>The mental health professionals believed the abnormal behavior had only temporarily subsided and could recur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the historical belief about abnormal behavior during the Middle Ages?

<p>It was caused by demons or evil spirits dwelling in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practice was used to try to release demons believed to cause abnormal behavior?

<p>Trephination (drilling holes in the skull) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did families do to loved ones believed to be possessed by demons?

<p>They tortured them to get rid of demons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the quote from Roy Richard Grinker, what concept does he argue is a damaging illusion?

<p>The concept of normality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between normal and abnormal behavior based on?

<p>The definition of insanity, which is a legal term (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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