Defining Abnormality: Personal Distress, Inability to Function, and Legal Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of mental illness according to the text?

  • Genetic inheritance
  • Psychological trauma
  • Environmental factors
  • Imbalances in bodily fluids (correct)

    • How did Hippocrates suggest that mental illness should be treated?

  • Through psychological counseling
  • By isolating the individuals
  • By using physical restraints
  • With emetics, laxatives, and leeches (correct)

    • Which approach did the Modern (Somatogenic) Model take towards people with mental disorders?

  • Asylums for segregation (correct)
  • Psychological treatment only
  • No treatment provided
  • Community integration

    • What did psychiatric reformers like Pinel and Dix advocate for in the 18-19th century?

    <p>Moral treatment with dignity and respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug introduced in the early 1950s was successful in decreasing symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What policy was initiated due to the success of medications like chlorpromazine?

    <p>Deinstitutionalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notion that the biological model of psychological disorders suggests?

    <p>The root cause of psychological disorders will be found in a physical exam and reveal a hormonal or chemical imbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the biological model of psychological disorders is true, according to the text?

    <p>There are many abnormal behaviors for which no biological cause has been identified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provide?

    <p>A classification system and diagnostic criteria for abnormal behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5 mentioned in the text?

    <p>It relies heavily on a categorical, rather than dimensional model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the diagnostic criteria and decision rules in the DSM-5?

    <p>To standardize communication between doctors and scientists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text state about the number of diagnoses in the DSM over time?

    <p>The number of diagnoses has risen from 128 to 541.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

    <p>Significant impairment occurs nearly every day for more than a few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the average number of episodes that people with MDD experience?

    <p>5 to 6 episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not listed as an additional symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Heightened self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage say about the rate of depression worldwide?

    <p>The rate of depression is going up throughout the world, but the reason is unclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential biological cause of Major Depressive Disorder mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the passage say about the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

    <p>Women are 2 times as likely to be diagnosed with MDD compared to men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of the Rosenhan (1973) 'Sane in Insane Places' experiment?

    <p>Mental health professionals labeled most of the pseudo-patients as suffering from schizophrenia and kept them hospitalized for an average of 19 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Szasz, what is the main problem with the medical model of mental illness?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is one of the ways the stigma of mental illness is manifested?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of the Rosenhan (1973) experiment regarding the pseudo-patients' behavior?

    <p>The pseudo-patients acted completely normally upon admission to the hospital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the implication of the pseudo-patients being discharged with the label 'schizophreniain remission'?

    <p>The mental health professionals believed the abnormal behavior had only temporarily subsided and could recur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the historical belief about abnormal behavior during the Middle Ages?

    <p>It was caused by demons or evil spirits dwelling in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice was used to try to release demons believed to cause abnormal behavior?

    <p>Trephination (drilling holes in the skull)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did families do to loved ones believed to be possessed by demons?

    <p>They tortured them to get rid of demons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the quote from Roy Richard Grinker, what concept does he argue is a damaging illusion?

    <p>The concept of normality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between normal and abnormal behavior based on?

    <p>The definition of insanity, which is a legal term</p> Signup and view all the answers

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