Defining Abnormality: Personal Distress, Inability to Function, and Legal Concepts

What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of mental illness according to the text?

Imbalances in bodily fluids

How did Hippocrates suggest that mental illness should be treated?

With emetics, laxatives, and leeches

Which approach did the Modern (Somatogenic) Model take towards people with mental disorders?

Asylums for segregation

What did psychiatric reformers like Pinel and Dix advocate for in the 18-19th century?

Moral treatment with dignity and respect Signup and view all the answers

Which drug introduced in the early 1950s was successful in decreasing symptoms of schizophrenia?

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Signup and view all the answers

What policy was initiated due to the success of medications like chlorpromazine?

Deinstitutionalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the notion that the biological model of psychological disorders suggests?

The root cause of psychological disorders will be found in a physical exam and reveal a hormonal or chemical imbalance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the biological model of psychological disorders is true, according to the text?

There are many abnormal behaviors for which no biological cause has been identified. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provide?

A classification system and diagnostic criteria for abnormal behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5 mentioned in the text?

It relies heavily on a categorical, rather than dimensional model. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diagnostic criteria and decision rules in the DSM-5?

To standardize communication between doctors and scientists. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text state about the number of diagnoses in the DSM over time?

The number of diagnoses has risen from 128 to 541. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Significant impairment occurs nearly every day for more than a few weeks Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the average number of episodes that people with MDD experience?

5 to 6 episodes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not listed as an additional symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Heightened self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the rate of depression worldwide?

The rate of depression is going up throughout the world, but the reason is unclear Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential biological cause of Major Depressive Disorder mentioned in the passage?

Both b and c Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage say about the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Women are 2 times as likely to be diagnosed with MDD compared to men Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding of the Rosenhan (1973) 'Sane in Insane Places' experiment?

Mental health professionals labeled most of the pseudo-patients as suffering from schizophrenia and kept them hospitalized for an average of 19 days. Signup and view all the answers

According to Thomas Szasz, what is the main problem with the medical model of mental illness?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is one of the ways the stigma of mental illness is manifested?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding of the Rosenhan (1973) experiment regarding the pseudo-patients' behavior?

The pseudo-patients acted completely normally upon admission to the hospital. Signup and view all the answers

What was the implication of the pseudo-patients being discharged with the label 'schizophreniain remission'?

The mental health professionals believed the abnormal behavior had only temporarily subsided and could recur. Signup and view all the answers

What was the historical belief about abnormal behavior during the Middle Ages?

It was caused by demons or evil spirits dwelling in the body Signup and view all the answers

What practice was used to try to release demons believed to cause abnormal behavior?

Trephination (drilling holes in the skull) Signup and view all the answers

What did families do to loved ones believed to be possessed by demons?

They tortured them to get rid of demons Signup and view all the answers

According to the quote from Roy Richard Grinker, what concept does he argue is a damaging illusion?

The concept of normality Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between normal and abnormal behavior based on?

The definition of insanity, which is a legal term Signup and view all the answers