18 Questions
Which defense mechanism involves devaluing oneself to inflict suffering on others?
Introjection
What is the main characteristic of someone with a birth order of the youngest child according to the text?
Pampered
Which birth order trait includes exaggerated feelings of power and unconscious hostility?
Oldest child positive traits
What is the main negative trait associated with the second child in the birth order according to the text?
Easily discouraged
Which defense mechanism involves running away from difficulties?
Withdrawal
What is a negative trait associated with the only child's birth order?
Exaggerated superiority
Which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
Unconscious
What principle does the Ego operate on?
Reality principle
Which defense mechanism is characterized by making excuses?
Excuses
What level of the mind is largely conscious and involves protecting self-esteem?
Conscious
Which external factor can lead to feelings of being unloved and having a weak social interest?
Pampered style of life
What leads to overcompensation for inadequacy, resulting in narcissism according to the text?
Exaggerated feelings of inferiority
Which defense mechanism involves refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking stimuli?
Denial
What is the focus of the Phallic stage in Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
Pleasure zone is the genitals
Which defense mechanism involves externalizing anxiety-arousing impulses by placing them onto others?
Projection
At what age range does the Anal stage occur in Freud's Psychosexual Stages?
18-36 months
Which defense mechanism involves transforming dangerous urges into positive, socially acceptable forms?
Sublimation
Maia refuses to acknowledge her fear of public speaking. Which defense mechanism is she using?
Denial
Study Notes
Defense Mechanisms
- Repression: pushes threatening thoughts into the unconscious
- Reaction Formation: pushes away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one's thoughts and words
- Denial: refuses to acknowledge anxiety-provoking stimuli
- Projection: externalizes anxiety-arousing impulses by placing them onto others
- Displacement: shifts the target of one's unconscious fear or desire away from the true cause
- Sublimation: transforms dangerous urges into positive, socially acceptable forms
- Regression: returns to an earlier, safer stage of one's life to escape present threats
- Rationalization: provides logical explanations for behaviors driven by internal unconscious motives
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
- Oral Stage (0-18 months): pleasure centers on the mouth, sucking, chewing, and biting
- Anal Stage (18-36 months): pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control
- Phallic Stage (3-6 years): pleasure zone is the genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings
- Latency Stage (6 to puberty): dormant sexual feelings
- Genital Stage (puberty on): maturation of sexual interest
Adler's Individual Psychology
- Basic Assumption: presents an optimistic view of people
- External Factors in Maladjustments:
- Exaggerated Physical Deficiencies: leads to narcissism and lack of consideration for others
- Pampered Style of Life: maintains parasitic relationship with others, feelings of being unloved
- Neglected Style of Life: low self-confidence, overestimating difficulties, distrust, and refusal to cooperate
- Safeguarding Tendencies:
- Excuses: protects weak sense of self-worth and deceives others
- Aggression: depreciates others' achievements and overvalues one's own
- Withdrawal: running away from difficulties, safeguarding through distance
Birth Order and Personality
- Oldest Child:
- Positive Traits: nurturing, protective
- Negative Traits: highly anxious, exaggerated feelings of power, unconscious hostility
- Second Child:
- Positive Traits: highly motivated, cooperative
- Negative Traits: highly competitive, easily discouraged
- Youngest Child:
- Positive Traits: realistically ambitious
- Negative Traits: pampered, dependent, unrealistically ambitious
- Only Child:
- Positive Traits: socially mature
- Negative Traits: exaggerated superiority, low cooperation, inflated sense of self
Jung's Analytical Psychology
- Basic Assumption: assumes that occult phenomena can influence the lives of every individual
Test your knowledge on defense mechanisms which are tactics used to reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality. Explore concepts like repression, reaction formation, denial, and projection.
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