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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the defense mechanism of repression?
Which defense mechanism involves creating explanations for actions that may be considered unacceptable or unjustifiable?
What is the term for the process of channeling potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior?
Which defense mechanism is particularly common in cases of sexual or physical abuse?
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Which of the following is NOT a defense mechanism mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary function of sublimation as a defense mechanism?
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Which defense mechanism involves dismissing external reality and focusing on internal explanations or fallacies?
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What is the outcome of using defense mechanisms excessively or inappropriately?
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Which defense mechanism is characterized by attributing one's own maladaptive inner impulses to someone else?
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What is the benefit of understanding defense mechanisms in the therapeutic process?
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Study Notes
Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by individuals to protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings. These mechanisms are rooted in Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which posits that the mind is composed of three parts: the id, ego, and superego (Rennison, 2015). The ego employs these defense mechanisms to manage internal conflicts, specifically between the desires of the id and the moral standards of the superego (Freud, 1933).
Repression
Repression involves subconsciously blocking ideas or impulses that are undesirable (Freud, 1933). When an individual experiences a traumatic event, they may repress the memory to avoid the associated pain and anxiety. This defense mechanism is particularly common in cases of sexual or physical abuse, where the victim may not remember the event to protect themselves from the emotional distress (Freud, 1933).
Rationalization
Rationalization is the process of creating explanations for actions that may be considered unacceptable or unjustifiable, often by attributing blame to external factors (Freud, 1933). For example, an individual may blame their partner for their own flaws, rather than admitting to their own shortcomings (Baumeister, Dale, & Sommer, 1998). This defense mechanism allows the individual to maintain their self-esteem and avoid feelings of guilt or shame.
Sublimation
Sublimation is the channeling of potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior (Freud, 1933). This defense mechanism is considered adaptive and is often used in positive ways, such as transforming aggressive impulses into competitive sports or artistic expression (Freud, 1933). Sublimation allows individuals to express their unacceptable desires in a socially acceptable manner, reducing internal conflict and stress.
Denial
Denial is the act of dismissing external reality and instead focusing on internal explanations or fallacies (Freud, 1933). This defense mechanism is often used when individuals are unable or unwilling to confront uncomfortable truths. For example, a person may continue to shop for expensive designer clothes despite being in financial distress, refusing to acknowledge the reality of their situation (Baumeister, Dale, & Sommer, 1998).
Projection
Projection is attributing one’s own maladaptive inner impulses to someone else (Freud, 1933). This defense mechanism is commonly used when individuals are unable to accept their own feelings or behaviors. For example, someone who commits an episode of infidelity in their marriage may then accuse their partner of infidelity, or may become more critical of their partner's behavior (Baumeister, Dale, & Sommer, 1998).
These defense mechanisms are unconscious and often used to alleviate anxiety or distress. However, they can also become maladaptive when used excessively or inappropriately. Understanding these defense mechanisms can be helpful in the therapeutic process, as recognizing their presence can provide insights into a patient's unconscious processes and behaviors (Freud, 1933).
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Description
This quiz covers the different defense mechanisms used by individuals to protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings, including repression, rationalization, sublimation, denial, and projection. Learn about the psychology behind these mechanisms and how they are used to manage internal conflicts.
