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Questions and Answers
Which defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one?
Which defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one?
What type of humor is aimed at making others laugh and fostering social connections?
What type of humor is aimed at making others laugh and fostering social connections?
The false consensus effect primarily leads individuals to believe that their views are:
The false consensus effect primarily leads individuals to believe that their views are:
Which mechanism is characterized by attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?
Which mechanism is characterized by attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?
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In the context of defense mechanisms, which of the following is considered relatively healthy?
In the context of defense mechanisms, which of the following is considered relatively healthy?
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What can the consensus effect lead to in group settings?
What can the consensus effect lead to in group settings?
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Self-defeating humor typically involves:
Self-defeating humor typically involves:
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Which aspect of the consensus effect involves individuals assuming their beliefs are valid due to perceived commonality?
Which aspect of the consensus effect involves individuals assuming their beliefs are valid due to perceived commonality?
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What is one criticism commonly directed at Freudian theory?
What is one criticism commonly directed at Freudian theory?
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Which concept did Jung introduce that differs from Freud's ideas?
Which concept did Jung introduce that differs from Freud's ideas?
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What aspect of human personality does Jung's 'shadow' refer to?
What aspect of human personality does Jung's 'shadow' refer to?
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Which of the following best describes 'approach motivation'?
Which of the following best describes 'approach motivation'?
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Which term refers to basic requirements for well-being?
Which term refers to basic requirements for well-being?
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In Jung's theory, what do archetypes represent?
In Jung's theory, what do archetypes represent?
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What distinguishes 'avoidance motivation' from 'approach motivation'?
What distinguishes 'avoidance motivation' from 'approach motivation'?
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Which of the following ego functions contrasts with thinking?
Which of the following ego functions contrasts with thinking?
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What distinguishes traits from motives in individual behavior?
What distinguishes traits from motives in individual behavior?
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Which of the following is a key focus of Self-Determination Theory of Motivation?
Which of the following is a key focus of Self-Determination Theory of Motivation?
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Which need is at the base of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Which need is at the base of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
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What is a significant characteristic of self-actualized individuals?
What is a significant characteristic of self-actualized individuals?
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Which term refers to the internal satisfaction derived from an activity?
Which term refers to the internal satisfaction derived from an activity?
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According to humanistic psychology, which factor greatly aids in achieving self-actualization?
According to humanistic psychology, which factor greatly aids in achieving self-actualization?
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Which of the following represents a motive related to social connections?
Which of the following represents a motive related to social connections?
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What does the concept of mindfulness primarily encompass?
What does the concept of mindfulness primarily encompass?
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What combination of treatments is often recommended for mental health issues?
What combination of treatments is often recommended for mental health issues?
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Which disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting at least two weeks?
Which disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting at least two weeks?
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Which type of Bipolar Disorder involves severe manic episodes?
Which type of Bipolar Disorder involves severe manic episodes?
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What physical symptoms are commonly associated with panic disorder?
What physical symptoms are commonly associated with panic disorder?
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What is a significant treatment option for both Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
What is a significant treatment option for both Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
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Which of the following best describes Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
Which of the following best describes Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
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What are the primary traits associated with Narcissism within the Dark Triad?
What are the primary traits associated with Narcissism within the Dark Triad?
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What is a key symptom of manic episodes in Bipolar Disorder?
What is a key symptom of manic episodes in Bipolar Disorder?
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What can be a long-term effect of early intervention in Major Depressive Disorder?
What can be a long-term effect of early intervention in Major Depressive Disorder?
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Which personality disorder is characterized by high neuroticism and low agreeableness?
Which personality disorder is characterized by high neuroticism and low agreeableness?
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Which cluster of personality disorders includes Paranoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders?
Which cluster of personality disorders includes Paranoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders?
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What trait is often associated with Machiavellianism?
What trait is often associated with Machiavellianism?
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Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?
Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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What is a key feature of Psychopathy within the Dark Triad?
What is a key feature of Psychopathy within the Dark Triad?
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Individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder typically exhibit which of the following traits?
Individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder typically exhibit which of the following traits?
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Which behavior is NOT commonly observed in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder?
Which behavior is NOT commonly observed in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder?
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Study Notes
Defense Mechanisms
- Denial: Blocking external events from awareness to avoid facing reality
- Reaction Formation: Turning unconscious content into its opposite, used as a defense mechanism
- Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others
- Repression: Pushing unconscious content away to keep it from consciousness
- Displacement: Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one
- Sublimation: Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
Humor as a Defense Mechanism
- Affiliative Humor: Used to make others laugh and foster social connection
- Self-Enhancing Humor: Used to cheer oneself up and cope with stress
- Aggressive Humor: Mocking or teasing others, often at their expense
- Self-Defeating Humor: Putting oneself down to gain humorous acceptance
Consensus Effect
- Individuals overestimate the extent that their beliefs or opinions are shared by others
- Can provide validation and comfort
- May influence decision making by assuming that one’s point of view is “normal” or “acceptable”
- Can lead to groupthink in group settings, where conformity results in poor decision making as dissenting opinions are minimized
Critiques of Freudian Theory
- Lack of empirical support
- Overemphasis on sexuality in human behavior
Modern Applications of Psychodynamic Theory
- Concepts influence psychotherapy practices
- Freudian ideas have permeated popular culture
Jung
- Believed the total personality is the Psyche
- Believed in a larger human unconscious called the collective unconscious
- Collective unconscious is filled with universal psychological structures called archetypes - Shadow: the dark side of the ego, Anima/animus: the soul, Self: at the core of personality
- Defined the ego, its attitude, and functions: Extraversion vs Introversion, Thinking Vs Feeling, Intuition Vs Sensation, Judging Vs Perceiving
Distinction Between Motives, Needs, and Goals
- Motive: The driving force behind actions
- Need: Basic requirements for well-being, such as physiological and psychological needs
- Goal: The desired outcome that individuals strive to achieve
Approach vs Avoidance Motivation
- Approach Motivation: Drive to seek positive outcomes and rewards
- Avoidance Motivation: Drive to avoid negative outcomes and threats
Traits vs Motives
- Traits: Enduring characteristics or qualities of an individual
- Motives: The underlying reasons or drives that prompt a person to act in a certain way
Implicit vs Explicit Motivation
- Unconscious vs conscious goals
Self-Determination Theory of Motivation
- Focuses on autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
- Intrinsic: Internal satisfaction rewards
- Extrinsic: External rewards
Mindfulness
- Present moment awareness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological Needs: Survival needs: food, water, shelter
- Safety Needs: Security and protection from harm - physical or emotional
- Love and Belonging: Social connections, friendships, intimacy
- Esteem Needs: Self-esteem, respect from others, and recognition
- Self-Actualization: The realization of personal potential, creativity, and self-fulfillment
Self-Actualization and Humanistic Psychology
- Realizing unique talents and abilities
- Maslow posits that self-actualization is the highest level on his hierarchy of needs
- Carl Rogers emphasized the role of unconditional positive regard in facilitating self-actualization
Characteristics of Self-Actualized Individuals
- Time Competence: Living in the present
- Self-Acceptance: Embrace strengths and weaknesses
- Capacity for Intimate Contact: Form deep, meaningful relationships
Personality Disorders
- Are stable over time and resistant to treatment
- A cultural perspective is needed for diagnosis
- Psychopaths lack a need for love or approval and are often emotionally detached
- Narcissists have a deep need for admiration and validation to support their sense of self-worth
The Dark Triad of Personality
- Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy
- Narcissism: Grandiosity, entitlement, and a need for admiration, often leading to interpersonal difficulties
- Machiavellianism: Characterized by manipulation and deceit, focusing on self-interest and exploitation of others
- Psychopathy: Marked by impulsivity, lack of empathy, and antisocial behaviors
Personality Disorders and The Big Five Traits
- Borderline Personality Disorder: Displays high neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness leading to emotional instability and impulsivity
- Schizoid Personality Disorder: Characterized by low extraversion and low openness to experience leading to withdrawal and detachment from social interactions
Clusters of Personality Disorder Types
- Cluster A (Weird): Odd or eccentric behaviors - Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal Personality Disorders
- Cluster B (Wild): Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors - Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic Personality Disorders
- Cluster C (Worried): Anxious or fearful behaviors - Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders
Depressive Disorders
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities, lasting at least two weeks, with symptoms of changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and suicidal thoughts
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Chronic low mood lasting for two years or more with less severe symptoms
Bipolar Disorder
- Features extreme mood swings, including manic and depressive episodes, impacting daily life
- Bipolar I: Severe manic episodes
- Bipolar II: Hypomanic episodes with depressive episodes
- Manic phases may include increased energy, euphoria, and impulsivity
- Depressive phases mirror MDD
Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder: Recurrent panic attacks - intense fear and physical symptoms like heart palpitations and dizziness
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Excessive worry about various life aspects leading to physical symptoms such as muscle tension and irritability
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Description
Explore various psychological defense mechanisms and the role of humor in coping strategies. This quiz examines denial, projection, repression, and more, alongside different types of humor, including self-defeating and aggressive humor. Test your understanding of these concepts and their relevance in psychology.
