18 Questions
What type of aortic dissection may require femoral, innominate or right axillary arterial cannulation?
Acute Type A
What is one benefit of femora-femoral or axillo-femoral CPB?
Permitting systemic cooling prior to sternotomy
Why may cannulation of the mid or distal aortic arch be required?
To reduce the risk of atheroembolism
What is necessary for retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) with reversal of blood flow in the superior vena cava?
Bicaval cannulation
What is the purpose of bicaval cannulation in anterograde cerebral perfusion?
To ensure adequate cerebral venous drainage
What is the potential consequence of inadequate cerebral venous drainage in anterograde cerebral perfusion?
Cerebral edema
What is the term for the technique of core cooling combined with cessation of blood flow?
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
What is the primary reason for using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in certain surgeries?
To provide a bloodless field for dissection
What is the benefit of reducing the body temperature to 30°C during surgery?
It increases the period of 'safe’ cerebral ischemia
Who demonstrated that a reduction in body temperature to 30°C increased the period of 'safe’ cerebral ischemia?
Bigelow
What was used for surface cooling in early experiments?
Cold rubber blankets
What is the term for the temporary stopping of the heart during surgery?
Cardioplegia
What type of pump is preferred in DHCA to reduce damage to cellular components and hemolysis?
Centrifugal pump
What is the primary purpose of incorporating a hemofilter in the extracorporeal circuit during DHCA?
To permit hemoconcentration during rewarming
Why is a cardiotomy reservoir of sufficient capacity selected in DHCA?
To accommodate the circulating volume during exsanguination
What is the approximate energy required to warm a 70-kg adult from 20°C to 37°C?
4.2 MJ (1000 kcal)
Why is consideration given to the use of heparin-bonded circuits in DHCA?
In cases requiring prolonged CPB
What is the average specific heat capacity of human tissue?
3.5 kJ kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹ (0.83 kcal kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹)
This quiz covers the concept of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in cardiovascular surgery, its benefits, and its application in complex surgical procedures. Learn about the role of DHCA in cardiac surgery and its significance in maintaining perfusion to other organs during surgery. Test your knowledge of DHCA and its applications!
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