Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Acute Coronary Syndrome

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Questions and Answers

What happens when an ectopic focus in the ventricles generates an impulse?

A premature ventricular contraction occurs. (correct)

A normal contraction occurs.

The heart stops beating.

The SA node stops functioning.

What can cause a small region of the heart to become hyperexcitable?

Too much sleep.

Too much exercise.

A healthy diet.

Too much caffeine or nicotine. (correct)

What is the result of a premature contraction?

A longer time for filling.

A stronger contraction.

A delayed contraction.

A pause followed by a stronger contraction. (correct)

What is the normal site of impulse generation in the heart?

SA node. Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if an ectopic focus is in the ventricles?

A premature ventricular contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an ectopic focus generating an impulse before the SA node?

A premature contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a premature contraction on the heartbeat?

It leads to a compensatory pause. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an ectopic focus in the SA node?

A premature atrial contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of high calcium salt deposits in the aortic valve?

Stiff flaps Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of people with perfectly healthy hearts?

Thin heart walls Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heart in Aortic Stenosis?

Left ventricle hypertrophies Signup and view all the answers

What increases due to a stenotic aortic valve?

Afterload Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of repeated bacterial infection in the heart?

Endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people with incompetent aortic valve?

Scar tissue in the heart Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heart in diastole?

Heart relaxes and fills with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of aortic valve stenosis?

Left ventricle hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical emergency that requires Basic Life Support?

Asystole Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ventricular fibrillation in an ECG?

Rapid, irregular QRS complexes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles?

Useless pumping of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

Defibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of asystole if it persists for several minutes?

Sudden cardiac death Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the quivering of the ventricles?

Ventricular fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of damage associated with ventricular fibrillation?

Ventricular muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of electrical activity in the heart?

Asystole Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of cardiac tamponade on the heart?

Failure of cardiac contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a faulty valve in the heart?

Backflow of blood and increased workload Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replacing a faulty valve with a synthetic valve?

To prevent backflow of blood and reduce workload Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased pre-load on the heart?

Hypertension and heart weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deformed valve in the heart?

Leaky valve and backflow of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a leaky valve in the heart?

Backflow of blood and increased workload Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cryopreserved human valves in heart valve replacement?

To provide a more natural and compatible valve replacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of obstruction in the arteries?

Hypertension and heart weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in medium/large arteries?

Disruption of blood flow to the myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen?

Angina pectoris Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of prolonged O2 deprivation of the myocardium?

Cell death and infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the procedure of surgically grafting a new artery to bypass a blocked coronary artery?

Coronary artery bypass grafting Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of plaque rupture in the coronary arteries?

Thrombosis and blockage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty?

To open up a blocked coronary artery using a catheter Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the coronary arteries are blocked, reducing blood flow to the myocardium?

Myocardial ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are treatments for acute coronary syndrome.
Formation of atherosclerotic plaques in medium/large arteries can lead to blockage of blood flow to the heart, causing angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death.
Ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced or blocked, leading to infarction and cardiac death.

Heart Conditions

Cardiac tamponade: fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity, leading to compression of the heart and impeding its function.
Myocardial infarction (heart attack): cells die due to lack of oxygen, causing damage to the heart muscle.
Heart failure: inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling.

Valve Problems

Stenotic valve: narrowing of the valve orifice, reducing blood flow and increasing pressure on the heart.
Incompetent valve: leaky valve, allowing backflow of blood into the heart chamber.
Valve replacement: surgical procedure to replace faulty valves with artificial or biological valves.

Heart Rhythm Problems

Premature contractions: abnormal heartbeats that occur earlier than expected, caused by ectopic focus or external factors like caffeine and nicotine.
Ventricular fibrillation: uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles, leading to ineffective pumping and potentially causing cardiac death.
Ventricular tachycardia: rapid heart rate that originates from the ventricles, potentially leading to cardiac arrest.

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge on coronary artery bypass surgery, its relation to acute coronary syndrome, and the medications used to treat it.