Deductive vs Inductive Arguments

<p>Because the premises can be false (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Claiming that a small decision will lead to a definitive outcome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a valid logical structure but an unsound premise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need for guaranteed conclusions versus probable conclusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Claiming all politicians are dishonest after one offensive tweet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If it rains, the ground will be wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it must have rained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most doctors are good at diagnosing diseases. Dr. Smith is a doctor. Therefore, Dr. Smith is probably good at diagnosing diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All cats have fur. My pet is furry. Therefore, my pet is a cat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conclusion is guaranteed to be true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If you drink coffee, you'll get a caffeine boost. You did not get a caffeine boost. Therefore, you did not drink coffee. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If you study hard, you'll pass the exam. If you pass the exam, you'll graduate. Therefore, if you study hard, you'll graduate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaching a broad conclusion based on a limited sample size that may not be representative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothetical Syllogism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If it is sunny, then I will go to the beach. It is not sunny. Therefore, I will not go to the beach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>My car didn't start this morning because the battery was dead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing the probability of the conclusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to consider that a person's success might come from other factors apart from athleticism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive arguments move from specific observations to broad generalizations, while deductive arguments move from general premises to specific conclusions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizing a similar, familiar case to draw a conclusion about a new, unfamiliar case. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deductive arguments aim to prove conclusions with certainty, while inductive arguments only aim to establish probability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, if one or more of the premises are false. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sound argument is both valid and has all true premises, making it reliable and trustworthy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deductive arguments, when valid, guarantee the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood that the conclusion is true if the premises are true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong arguments have a high probability of the conclusion being true given the premises, while cogent arguments also have all true premises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This statement is a potentially unsound premise because it is a generalization that may not be universally true. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All squares have four sides. This shape has four sides. Therefore, this shape is a square. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An argument that provides logically conclusive support for its conclusion.

A property of arguments where it’s impossible for all premises to be true while the conclusion is false.

When a deductive argument is valid and has all true premises.

A characteristic of valid deductive arguments that guarantees the truth of the conclusion given true premises.

An argument that provides probabilistic support for its conclusion.

Describes how probable the conclusion is, depending on the premises being true.

An inductive argument that is both strong and has all true premises.

Indicates that strong inductive arguments do not guarantee the truth of the conclusion.

An argument that concludes a probable truth based on the evidence of the premises.

A valid deductive pattern: If P, then Q; P; therefore Q.

A valid deductive pattern: If P, then Q; Not Q; therefore Not P.

A fallacious pattern: If P, then Q; Q; therefore P.

A logical fallacy where the structure is: If P, then Q. Not P. Therefore, not Q.

A type of inductive argument that generalizes from observing many instances.

Making a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative samples.

Drawing conclusions about an unknown based on similarities with the known.

Proposing the most likely explanation based on available evidence.

Checking if premises can be true while the conclusion is false for validity.

Evaluating if a conclusion follows with high probability based on premises.

Refers to how probable the conclusion is based on the premises.

Assessment of sample size and bias in evidence.

Evaluating other conclusions and potential overlooked data.

Presenting only two options when more exist.

Arguing that a small action will lead to significant consequences without evidence.

Inductive arguments can be reliable despite not guaranteeing truth.

A valid argument can have a false conclusion based on premises.

True premises don’t ensure a logically valid conclusion.