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Questions and Answers
What type of argument proceeds from general ideas/facts to specific inferences?
What type of argument proceeds from general ideas/facts to specific inferences?
How is the main claim or main idea of a paragraph identified?
How is the main claim or main idea of a paragraph identified?
What technique involves using direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries to support claims?
What technique involves using direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries to support claims?
What is essential to defend a stand on an issue or topic?
What is essential to defend a stand on an issue or topic?
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Which type of argument derives from specific observations and leads to a general conclusion?
Which type of argument derives from specific observations and leads to a general conclusion?
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What is the main purpose of a position paper?
What is the main purpose of a position paper?
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What is the role of a writer's argument?
What is the role of a writer's argument?
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What does a manifesto aim to do?
What does a manifesto aim to do?
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What is the function of reasons/premises in an argument?
What is the function of reasons/premises in an argument?
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Which major way do authors use to present an argument by giving a logical explanation?
Which major way do authors use to present an argument by giving a logical explanation?
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What technique involves manipulating the audience's perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another?
What technique involves manipulating the audience's perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another?
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Which propaganda technique aims to make the audience accept the propagandist's program en masse?
Which propaganda technique aims to make the audience accept the propagandist's program en masse?
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What is the device used by politicians, labor leaders, businessmen, and ministers to win confidence by appearing to be people just like the audience?
What is the device used by politicians, labor leaders, businessmen, and ministers to win confidence by appearing to be people just like the audience?
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Which device makes use of testimonials to make the audience accept anything from a patent medicine to a program of national policy?
Which device makes use of testimonials to make the audience accept anything from a patent medicine to a program of national policy?
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What is the technique that seeks to create an urge amongst people to become part of the 'in crowd'?
What is the technique that seeks to create an urge amongst people to become part of the 'in crowd'?
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Which device uses all the arts of deception to win support for oneself, group, nation, race, policy, practice, belief, or ideal?
Which device uses all the arts of deception to win support for oneself, group, nation, race, policy, practice, belief, or ideal?
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What is the function of 'glittering generalities' in propaganda?
What is the function of 'glittering generalities' in propaganda?
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How does the 'name-calling' device in propaganda influence people's judgment?
How does the 'name-calling' device in propaganda influence people's judgment?
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What is the primary aim of the 'transfer' device in propaganda?
What is the primary aim of the 'transfer' device in propaganda?
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Which emotion does the 'glittering generalities' device appeal to in propaganda?
Which emotion does the 'glittering generalities' device appeal to in propaganda?
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What is the impact of the 'name-calling' device in propaganda?
What is the impact of the 'name-calling' device in propaganda?
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In propaganda, what does the 'transfer' device primarily rely on?
In propaganda, what does the 'transfer' device primarily rely on?
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Study Notes
Types of Arguments
- Deductive Argument: Proceeds from general principles or facts to reach specific conclusions.
- Inductive Argument: Starts with specific observations to draw broader generalizations.
Identifying the Main Claim
- The main claim of a paragraph can be identified through the central idea or thesis statement, often located at the beginning or end of the paragraph.
Support Techniques
- Evidence Techniques: Includes the use of direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries to substantiate claims in writing.
Defending a Stand
- Essential elements to defend a stance on an issue include strong reasoning, compelling evidence, and addressing counterarguments.
Position Paper Purpose
- The main purpose of a position paper is to present an argument or viewpoint on a particular issue, supporting it with evidence and reasoning.
Writer's Argument Role
- A writer's argument serves the purpose of persuading the audience to accept a certain viewpoint or to take action.
Manifesto Aim
- A manifesto aims to express a set of beliefs and principles, often promoting social or political change.
Reasons/Premises Function
- In an argument, reasons or premises function as the foundational evidence that supports the main conclusion.
Presenting Arguments
- Authors typically present arguments through logical explanations that clarify their reasoning and insights.
Manipulative Techniques
- Bias Technique: Involves swaying the audience's perception by focusing on one side of an issue while downplaying another.
- Bandwagon Propaganda: Seeks to encourage mass acceptance of a program by creating the impression that everyone else supports it.
Confidence-Building Devices
- Politicians and leaders often use the "common man" device to build rapport and trust by presenting themselves as relatable to the audience.
Testimonial Device
- Utilizes endorsements from influential figures to persuade the audience to accept products or policies.
In-Group Urge
- This technique fosters a desire among people to belong to a popular or socially accepted group.
Deceptive Support Mechanism
- Employs strategies that utilize various forms of deception to gain support for an individual or cause.
Glittering Generalities Function
- In propaganda, glittering generalities use vague, favorable language to evoke positive emotions without providing specific details.
Name-Calling Impact
- This device influences judgment by disparaging opponents and framing them negatively in the audience’s eyes.
Transfer Device Aim
- The primary aim of transfer is to associate positive or negative qualities of one thing to another, thus influencing perception and acceptance.
Emotional Appeal of Glittering Generalities
- Appeals to strong emotions such as hope, pride, or patriotism by using positive language to elicit a response.
Overall Impact of Name-Calling
- The use of name-calling can enhance negative stereotypes and reinforce biases, shaping public opinion against targeted individuals or groups.
Transfer Reliance
- The transfer device primarily relies on the audience’s emotional associations and context to create persuasive arguments.
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Description
Learn about deductive and inductive arguments with examples. Understand how deductive arguments proceed from general ideas to specific inferences, and how inductive arguments derive from specific observations to general conclusions.
