CH9 - Decision-Making (MCQs)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about decision-making is true?

  • Decisions are only made at the executive level of an organization.
  • Decisions occur at every level, and even small decisions can have a big impact. (correct)
  • Only strategic decisions influence company performance.
  • Routine decisions do not require any judgment or creativity.

Which of the following best defines a programmed decision?

  • A decision made in response to a unique and unfamiliar situation.
  • A routine decision that follows established policies or rules. (correct)
  • A decision that requires managers to use creativity and judgment.
  • A decision that always results in an optimal outcome.

Which of the following is an example of a non-programmed decision?

  • Approving an employee’s overtime request.
  • Determining an employee’s sick leave eligibility.
  • Developing a marketing campaign for a new product. (correct)
  • Processing a routine customer order.

What is the difference between strategic and operational decisions?

<p>Strategic decisions focus on long-term goals, while operational decisions focus on daily operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a decentralized (bottom-up) decision?

<p>Employees making scheduling and resource allocation decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the rational decision-making process?

<p>Define the problem or opportunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is status quo bias in decision-making?

<p>The tendency to avoid change unless the incentive to change is compelling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six stages of the rational decision-making process?

<p>Ignore potential risks and consequences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is escalation of commitment?

<p>Persisting with a failing course of action despite negative outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bias causes individuals to rely too much on an initial piece of information when making decisions?

<p>Anchoring and adjustment bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept suggests that decision-making is often limited by available information, time, and resources?

<p>Bounded rationality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is satisficing?

<p>Selecting the first satisfactory solution instead of the optimal one. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes intuition in decision-making?

<p>Using expertise and past experience to make decisions quickly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style involves employees in decision-making and encourages participation?

<p>Democratic leadership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common error in group decision-making?

<p>Groupthink, where members prioritize agreement over critical evaluation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of Teresa Amabile’s three-component model of creativity?

<p>Financial incentives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical standard focuses on producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

<p>Utilitarian standard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical standard is concerned with treating people fairly based on a defensible standard?

<p>Fairness standard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is moral disengagement in decision-making?

<p>Detaching from ethical self-regulation, allowing unethical behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are decisions made in an organization?

<p>At all levels of the organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes non-programmed decisions?

<p>Unique, complex decisions that require judgment and creativity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the three methods of moral disengagement?

<p>Albert Bandura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist explored leadership styles relevant to group decision-making?

<p>Kurt Lewin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the nominal group technique?

<p>Ideas are written down before being shared with the group. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is impacted by decision-making?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the halo effect in decision-making?

<p>Evaluating an employee more favorably because of a single positive characteristic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the rational decision-making process?

<p>Defining the problem or opportunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of availability bias?

<p>Overestimating the likelihood of an event because past instances are easily remembered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is post-decisional justification?

<p>Remembering our decisions as better than they actually were. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Decision-Making Levels

Decisions occur at every level; even small ones can have a big impact.

Programmed Decision

A routine decision that follows established policies or rules.

Non-Programmed Decision

A decision made without established policies, often unique to a situation.

Strategic vs Operational Decisions

Strategic decisions focus on long-term goals, operational on daily tasks.

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Decentralized Decision

A decision made by employees rather than top management.

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First Step of Rational Decision-Making

The first step is to define the problem or opportunity clearly.

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