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Questions and Answers
Which antibiotic is often effective in treating infections unresponsive to B-lactam antibiotics?
Which antibiotic is often effective in treating infections unresponsive to B-lactam antibiotics?
- Levofloxacin (correct)
- Clarithromycin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Amoxicillin
Why is Ciprofloxacin not the drug of first choice for pneumonia or sinusitis?
Why is Ciprofloxacin not the drug of first choice for pneumonia or sinusitis?
- It is ineffective against sinusitis
- It causes allergic reactions in most patients
- It has strong activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae
- It has weak activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)
Why are Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin known as 'respiratory fluoroquinolones'?
Why are Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin known as 'respiratory fluoroquinolones'?
- Due to their activity versus Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)
- Due to their high cost for respiratory infections
- Due to their side effects on the respiratory system
- Due to their low effectiveness against respiratory infections
What is the main reason for selecting the combination of trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole in co-trimoxazole?
What is the main reason for selecting the combination of trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole in co-trimoxazole?
Which condition is co-trimoxazole effective in treating?
Which condition is co-trimoxazole effective in treating?
Which condition is sulfasalazin (sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylate) primarily used to treat?
Which condition is sulfasalazin (sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylate) primarily used to treat?
What is the recommended dosage of co-trimoxazole for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections?
What is the recommended dosage of co-trimoxazole for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections?
What is the purpose of combining sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine?
What is the purpose of combining sulfadiazine with pyrimethamine?
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Study Notes
Antibiotic Treatments
- Aminoglycosides are often effective for infections unresponsive to β-lactam antibiotics.
- Ciprofloxacin is not a first-choice drug for pneumonia or sinusitis due to its lower efficacy against the typical pathogens causing these infections, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are termed 'respiratory fluoroquinolones' because they are effective against common respiratory pathogens and have enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Co-trimoxazole and Sulfasalazine
- The combination of trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole in co-trimoxazole improves antimicrobial efficacy; trimethoprim enhances the effect of sulfamethoxazole, leading to a synergistic action.
- Co-trimoxazole is commonly effective in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
- Sulfasalazine, which consists of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylate, is primarily used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Dosage and Combinations
- The recommended dosage of co-trimoxazole for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections is typically 160 mg of trimethoprim and 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole, usually administered twice daily.
- Sulfadiazine is combined with pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis, resulting in synergistic effects that enhance the treatment's effectiveness.
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