40 Questions
Which receptor in the brain’s reward circuit does alcohol bind to, leading to the release of dopamine?
5 HT3 receptors
What is the reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by alcohol that results in confusion, nystagmus, and abnormal ocular movements?
Wernicke encephalopathy
What molecule found in wine is thought to be neuroprotective?
Resveratrol
What is the leading cause of pancreatitis?
Alcohol consumption
Which condition can develop if alcohol is consumed during pregnancy?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Which of the following is NOT an area of expertise where knowledge about substance use may be applied?
Providing education and counseling for non-drug related issues
In the United States, what level of alcohol consumption is generally not considered abuse?
Moderate consumption
What led to the change in societal posture and legislation regarding psychedelic use in America?
Widespread use of psychedelics
What is addiction characterized by, according to the text?
Compulsive drug seeking behavior
What components does addiction include?
Social, psychological, and environmental components
What are the major psychoactive substances present in marijuana and hashish?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and barbiturates
How does methamphetamine primarily act in the body?
By increasing norepinephrine and dopamine release
Which drug can help with withdrawal from barbiturates?
Phenobarbital
What is the DEA considering categorizing kratom as?
Schedule I drug
Which drug is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant and produces local anesthesia, vasoconstriction, and cardiac stimulation?
Cocaine
Which drug is known for reducing unpleasant feelings brought on by abstinence and is devoid of direct anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, and antidepressant activity?
Acamprosate
Which drug is a pure opioid antagonist that decreases the craving for alcohol and blocks the reinforcing effects of alcohol?
Naltrexone
Which drug should not be taken during pregnancy and is excreted unchanged in the urine?
Acamprosate
Which substance activates nicotinic receptors in several locations and causes constriction of blood vessels, acceleration of the heart, and an increase in the force of ventricular contraction?
Nicotine
Which drug helps individuals with alcohol use disorder avoid drinking by causing unpleasant effects if alcohol is ingested?
Disulfiram
Which nicotine replacement therapy product looks much like a cigarette and delivers nicotine when puffed on?
Nicotine inhaler
Which nicotine replacement therapy product should not be used by patients with asthma due to its adverse effects?
Nicotine nasal spray
Which medication for smoking cessation has been recalled from the market in September of 2021 due to containing cancer causing ingredients?
Varenicline
Which opioid has high lipid solubility, allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier with ease?
Heroin
What initial sensations does IV injection of heroin induce in individuals?
Warmth and pleasure
What is the result of tolerance as defined in the text?
A smaller response to the initial drug dose
What is the major transmitter involved in the reward circuit according to the text?
Dopamine
What does cross dependence refer to based on the text?
The ability of a drug to support physical dependence on another drug
What does the Controlled Substance Act require according to the text?
Record keeping and written records of all transactions involving controlled substances
What is the result of alcohol binding with GABA receptors in the CNS?
Enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition and widespread depression of CNS activity
What is the primary reason for the high risk of death when abusers crush the controlled-release oxycodone tablets?
Immediate absorption of the entire dose leading to dangerously high levels
Why is naloxone considered the treatment of choice for opioid overdose?
It reverses respiratory depression and coma caused by opioids
What is the primary advantage of buprenorphine over methadone in treating opioid addiction?
Lower potential for abuse and development of physical dependence
What is the main benefit of using naltrexone after opioid detoxification?
Blocking euphoria and all other opioid-induced effects
What distinguishes Kratom from other opioids based on the information provided?
It can be bought over the internet without a prescription
What is the most significant adverse psychological effect of high doses of marijuana?
Paranoia
What is the characteristic of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)?
Cyclic nausea and vomiting relieved by taking hot showers and baths
What structural changes are associated with long-term marijuana use in the brain?
Reduction in the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala
What statement best describes the FDA's position on bringing marijuana-derived treatments to patients?
Controlled clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of a drug, along with careful review through the FDA’s approval process, is the most appropriate way to bring marijuana-derived treatments to patients
What action can health care providers take regarding the prescription of marijuana?
They cannot prescribe the drug but can only suggest that it may be of benefit
Test your knowledge about the DEA's investigation into kratom and the effects of barbiturates. Learn about the potential categorization of kratom as a schedule I drug and the dose-dependent depressant effects of barbiturates, including tolerance and physical dependence.
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