immunology lecture 3
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Questions and Answers

Why is lysozyme more effective against Gram-positive bacteria?

  • It disrupts the DNA of the bacteria.
  • The peptidoglycan is more accessible in Gram-positive bacteria. (correct)
  • It targets the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
  • It is less effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
  • What is the role of defensins in the immune response?

  • They neutralize toxins produced by bacteria.
  • They enhance the recruitment of leukocytes.
  • They disrupt the cell membranes of microbes. (correct)
  • They act as antibodies against pathogens.
  • Which term describes the collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit our body?

  • Pathogen
  • Microbiota (correct)
  • Parasites
  • Symbionts
  • Which of the following is NOT classified as an innate immune cell?

    <p>T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of granulocytes in the immune system?

    <p>They directly destroy pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism do antimicrobial peptides like defensins utilize to combat microbes?

    <p>By causing membrane disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    <p>Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response relies on both innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Leukocyte activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity is present at birth and non-specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the first line of defense in the immune system?

    <p>It consists of physical and chemical barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity?

    <p>It requires previous exposure to pathogens to be effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the innate immune system helps digest the cell walls of bacteria?

    <p>Lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the second line of defense in the immune system is true?

    <p>It involves innate immune responses that are non-specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Humoral immunity involves B cell-mediated responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is activated without prior exposure to pathogens?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do epithelial surfaces play in the immune system?

    <p>They serve as a barrier to prevent pathogen entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune System

    • Innate immunity: immediate, non-specific defense present at birth; no memory
    • Adaptive immunity: developed after birth, specific to pathogens, has memory
    • Humoral immunity: B cell-mediated via Igs
    • Cell-mediated immunity: T cell-mediated
    • Protection against pathogens: relies on physical barriers, chemical barriers, and sensor cells
    • Physical barriers: epithelial surfaces
    • Chemical barriers: antimicrobial peptides, commensals
    • Sensor cells: detect pathogens, initiate immune response
    • Microbiota (or commensals): the collection of microorganisms naturally inhabiting the body
    • Antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidin, histatin
    • Lysozyme: digests cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
    • Defensins: amphipathic peptides that disrupt microbial cell membranes
    • Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): important in both innate and adaptive immune responses
    • Innate immune cells: Granulocytes, Agranulocytes, Dendritic Cells
      • Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
      • Agranulocytes: monocytes, macrophages, NK cells
      • Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs): monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells
      • Innate lymphocytes: NK cells, ILCs
    • Phagocytes: macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells; engulf and destroy pathogens

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity. This quiz covers the roles of B cells, T cells, physical and chemical barriers, and how the body protects against pathogens. Test your knowledge on important components like microbiota and antimicrobial peptides.

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