Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why is lysozyme more effective against Gram-positive bacteria?
Why is lysozyme more effective against Gram-positive bacteria?
- It disrupts the DNA of the bacteria.
- The peptidoglycan is more accessible in Gram-positive bacteria. (correct)
- It targets the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
- It is less effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
What is the role of defensins in the immune response?
What is the role of defensins in the immune response?
- They neutralize toxins produced by bacteria.
- They enhance the recruitment of leukocytes.
- They disrupt the cell membranes of microbes. (correct)
- They act as antibodies against pathogens.
Which term describes the collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit our body?
Which term describes the collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit our body?
- Pathogen
- Microbiota (correct)
- Parasites
- Symbionts
Which of the following is NOT classified as an innate immune cell?
Which of the following is NOT classified as an innate immune cell?
What is the primary function of granulocytes in the immune system?
What is the primary function of granulocytes in the immune system?
What mechanism do antimicrobial peptides like defensins utilize to combat microbes?
What mechanism do antimicrobial peptides like defensins utilize to combat microbes?
Which cells are considered myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Which cells are considered myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Which immune response relies on both innate and adaptive immunity?
Which immune response relies on both innate and adaptive immunity?
What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?
What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?
Which of the following correctly describes the first line of defense in the immune system?
Which of the following correctly describes the first line of defense in the immune system?
What is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity?
What is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Which component of the innate immune system helps digest the cell walls of bacteria?
Which component of the innate immune system helps digest the cell walls of bacteria?
Which statement about the second line of defense in the immune system is true?
Which statement about the second line of defense in the immune system is true?
What is one major difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?
What is one major difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?
Which type of immunity is activated without prior exposure to pathogens?
Which type of immunity is activated without prior exposure to pathogens?
What role do epithelial surfaces play in the immune system?
What role do epithelial surfaces play in the immune system?
Flashcards
Gram-positive bacteria lysozyme effect
Gram-positive bacteria lysozyme effect
Lysozyme is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria because their peptidoglycan is more accessible.
Defensins' role
Defensins' role
Defensins disrupt the cell membranes of microbes.
Microbiota definition
Microbiota definition
The collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit our body.
Non-innate immune cell
Non-innate immune cell
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Granulocytes' function
Granulocytes' function
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Antimicrobial peptide mechanism
Antimicrobial peptide mechanism
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Myeloid APCs
Myeloid APCs
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Combined immunity type
Combined immunity type
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Innate vs. adaptive difference
Innate vs. adaptive difference
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First line of defense
First line of defense
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Adaptive immunity characteristic
Adaptive immunity characteristic
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Immune system bacterial cell wall digestion
Immune system bacterial cell wall digestion
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Second line of defense description
Second line of defense description
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Humoral vs. cell-mediated difference
Humoral vs. cell-mediated difference
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Activated immunity type
Activated immunity type
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Epithelial surface role
Epithelial surface role
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Study Notes
Immune System
- Innate immunity: immediate, non-specific defense present at birth; no memory
- Adaptive immunity: developed after birth, specific to pathogens, has memory
- Humoral immunity: B cell-mediated via Igs
- Cell-mediated immunity: T cell-mediated
- Protection against pathogens: relies on physical barriers, chemical barriers, and sensor cells
- Physical barriers: epithelial surfaces
- Chemical barriers: antimicrobial peptides, commensals
- Sensor cells: detect pathogens, initiate immune response
- Microbiota (or commensals): the collection of microorganisms naturally inhabiting the body
- Antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidin, histatin
- Lysozyme: digests cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Defensins: amphipathic peptides that disrupt microbial cell membranes
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): important in both innate and adaptive immune responses
- Innate immune cells: Granulocytes, Agranulocytes, Dendritic Cells
- Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
- Agranulocytes: monocytes, macrophages, NK cells
- Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs): monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells
- Innate lymphocytes: NK cells, ILCs
- Phagocytes: macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells; engulf and destroy pathogens
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Description
Explore the complexities of the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity. This quiz covers the roles of B cells, T cells, physical and chemical barriers, and how the body protects against pathogens. Test your knowledge on important components like microbiota and antimicrobial peptides.
