Immunology Lecture 3 - Outcomes

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity?

  • Complement system
  • Plasma cells (correct)
  • Inflammation
  • Natural killer cells

What is the primary goal of inflammation in the innate immune response?

  • To produce antibodies quickly
  • To activate T and B lymphocytes
  • To enhance blood flow to the area
  • To bring phagocytes and plasma proteins to the area (correct)

What is the function of thymosin in the immune system?

  • Enhances T cell proliferation (correct)
  • Triggers inflammation
  • Activates natural killer cells
  • Promotes antibody production

Which statement best describes an antigen?

<p>A molecule that triggers a specific immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the non-specific nature of innate immunity?

<p>It includes inflammation and natural killer cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T lymphocytes contribute to cell-mediated immunity?

<p>By directly attacking unwanted cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to thymosin levels as an individual ages?

<p>Thymosin levels decrease after 30-40 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of phagocytes in inflammation?

<p>They isolate and neutralize pathogens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the complement system in innate immunity?

<p>To lyse pathogens and promote inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of interferon in innate immunity?

<p>To act as a signaling molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do natural killer cells function in the immune response?

<p>They destroy virus-infected and cancer cells non-specifically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the complement system?

<p>It consists of proteins that can affect inflammation and assist in immune responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the innate immune response non-specific?

<p>It attacks any pathogen without prior sensitization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements are involved in the action of natural killer cells?

<p>Perforins and granzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the complement system is correct?

<p>It acts as a punch through activating an attack complex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of innate immunity?

<p>It includes immediate response mechanisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are NOT involved in innate immunity?

<p>T-cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for inducing fever in response to infection?

<p>Interleukin 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lactoferrin in innate immunity?

<p>Binds iron to prevent bacterial growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is involved in the activation of T lymphocytes?

<p>Interleukin 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids affect the inflammatory process?

<p>Suppress aspects of inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute inflammation differs from chronic inflammation in that acute inflammation is:

<p>Short-term and usually resolves quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance released by macrophages decreases iron plasma concentration?

<p>Leukocyte endogenous mediator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do acute phase proteins play in the immune response?

<p>They assist in tissue repair and immune cell activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of nitric oxide released from macrophages?

<p>Creating a toxic environment for microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Innate Immunity

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, providing a non-specific response to various threats.

Inflammation (innate immunity)

A non-specific response to tissue injury, involving the recruitment of phagocytes and plasma proteins to destroy invaders, remove debris, and prepare for healing.

Phagocytes in Inflammation

Cells that consume and destroy pathogens and cellular debris during inflammation.

Immune System Organs

Organs that play a role in immune function, like lymph nodes, spleen, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immune System Cells

Cells like white blood cells(WBCs) that carry out specific functions in the immune system, including defending against disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innate immunity defenses

Innate immunity involves inflammation, interferon, natural killer cells, and the complement system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adaptive immunity

Adaptive immunity is a specific, more advanced immune response, involving antibody-mediated (humoral) and cell-mediated responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antigen

A molecule that triggers a specific immune response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibody-mediated immunity

A type of adaptive immunity where B lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell-mediated immunity

Adaptive immunity where activated T lymphocytes directly attack unwanted cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nitric Oxide (NO)

A toxic chemical released by macrophages, harmful to invading microorganisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lactoferrin

A protein secreted by neutrophils that inhibits bacterial growth by binding iron.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

A cytokine that causes inflammation by increasing blood vessel dilation and permeability, released by mast cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kallikrein

An enzyme that converts inactive proteins into active kinins, involved in pain, blood vessel dilation, and attracting immune cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endogenous Pyrogen (EP)

A cytokine (like interleukin-1 and TNF) released primarily by macrophages; induces fever.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leukocyte Endogenous Mediator (LEM)

A cytokine, primarily from macrophages, that alters iron metabolism to reduce iron in the blood, reducing bacterial access.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Inflammation

Short-term inflammatory response to injury or infection, often resolving quickly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Inflammation

Long-term inflammation that does not resolve quickly and can contribute to various diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interferon function

Interferon acts as a "whistle-blower," alerting the immune system to viral infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

NK cells destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells without targeting specific invaders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NK Cell Weapons

NK cells use perforins and granzymes to lyse (burst) targeted cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complement System

A group of proteins that help the immune system eliminate pathogens, like a specialized protein punch.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Complement System Action

Complement proteins form an attack complex contributing to inflammation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity

Innate immunity is the non-specific, quick initial response while adaptive immunity is slower and more targeted.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Innate Response

A non-specific, fast response from the immune system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Immunology Lecture 3 - Outcomes

  • Covers basic anatomy of the immune system (L1)
    • Examining organs involved in immune function
    • Detailing cells of the immune system and their functions
    • Explaining basic white blood cell functions
    • Describing T and B cell-specific functions
    • Outlining functions of antigen-presenting cells
  • Immune responses (L2-L6)
    • Discussing innate immunity and non-specific immunity
    • Detailing adaptive immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and antibody-mediated immunity
  • External defenses (L8): Detailed discussion of external defenses mechanisms
  • Immune-related pathologies (L7-L8)
    • Covering cancer, allergies, hypersensitivities, autoimmune disorders, transplant rejections, and HIV

Innate Immunity

  • Defenses include:
    • Inflammation
    • Interferon
    • Natural killer cells
    • Complement system

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

  • Non-specific response to tissue injury
  • Goal is to bring phagocytes and plasma proteins to the invaded or injured area
  • Isolates, destroys, or inactivates invaders
  • Removes debris
  • Prepares for subsequent healing and repair

Innate Immunity: Inflammation - Processes

  • Shows diagram identifying key components and their functions in inflammation response (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, cytokines)
  • Explains diapedesis, details roles of each structural component

Innate Immunity: Inflammation - Mechanisms

  • Includes diagrammatic explanation of rolling, activation, and stable adhesion of leukocytes
  • Details chemokine receptors and their activation
  • Explaining effects of cytokines, such as TNF-IL-1, on macrophage stimulation
  • Discussing fibrin and fibronectin as extracellular matrix components

Innate Immunity: Cytokines

  • Lists various chemical mediators (e.g., nitric oxide, lactoferrin, TNF, kallikrein, endogenous pyrogen, leukocyte endogenous mediator, inflammatory proteins e.g., C-reactive protein)
  • Describes their functions and cells of origin (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells)
  • Explains how these chemicals affect microorganisms (e.g., toxicity)
  • Provides examples of how they regulate inflammation or induce other responses

Innate Immunity: Disease, Repair & Drugs

  • Discusses tissue repair and differences between acute and chronic inflammation
  • Listing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids to suppress inflammation
  • Discussing how NSAIDs (like aspirin, ibuprofen) suppress inflammation by decreasing histamine release and fever
  • Detailing how glucocorticoids reduce body's ability to fight infections

Innate Immunity: Interferon

  • Interferon released from virus-infected cells to provide non-specific resistance to viral infections
  • Explains interferon's analogy as a "whistle-blower"

Innate Immunity: Natural Killer Cells

  • Non-specifically destroys virus-infected cells and cancer cells
  • Releases chemicals (e.g., perforins and granzymes) to lyse cells

Innate Immunity: Complement System

  • Explains the complement system as a highly specialized protein punch
  • Provides a diagram illustrating the defense system with components like soldiers, tactics, and weapons
  • Explains the complement system’s role in the innate immune response, discussing both alternate and classical complement pathways

Adaptive Immunity

  • Covers antibody-mediated immunity (humoral)
  • Plasma cells produce antibodies
  • Discusses cell-mediated immunity (involves activated T lymphocytes that directly attack unwanted cells)

Adaptive Immunity: Lymphoid Tissues

  • Explains the role of the thymus in T lymphocyte maturation
  • Detailed description of thymosin hormone, its effects in T-cell functions and maturation
  • Discusses the decrease in thymosin levels after 30-40 years
  • Describes the origin of blood cells from bone marrow
  • Covers maturation of B lymphocytes

Adaptive Immunity: Antigen

  • Defines an antigen as a molecule that triggers a specific immune response

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Immunology Lecture 3 PDF

More Like This

Lymphatic System and Immune Response
18 questions

Lymphatic System and Immune Response

MemorableCalcium avatar
MemorableCalcium
Immune System Flashcards
16 questions

Immune System Flashcards

RazorSharpDaisy avatar
RazorSharpDaisy
Immune System Overview
55 questions

Immune System Overview

CourageousIsland avatar
CourageousIsland
Human Anatomy and Immune System Overview
34 questions

Human Anatomy and Immune System Overview

LuxuriantRubellite avatar
LuxuriantRubellite
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser