Lipids 3

Where does de novo synthesis of fatty acids mainly occur?

What is the main source of mitochondrial Acetyl CoA production?

In the process of ACoA carboxylation to Malonyl CoA, which molecule is required for the carboxylation process?

What substrates are used in de novo fatty acid synthesis?

Which enzyme is key in de novo fatty acid synthesis?

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the carboxylation of ACoA to Malonyl CoA?

What is the primary end product of de novo fatty acid synthesis?

Which molecule allosterically activates Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)?

What stimulates ACC synthesis hormonally?

In which organelle does the elongation of fatty acids occur?

What type of fatty acids can be produced by adding cis double bonds in desaturation?

In the cytosol, how is citrate converted back to Oxaloacetate (OAA) and Acetyl CoA?

What is the end product of fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes?

Where do the carbons used in fatty acid synthesis come from?

What is the role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in fatty acid synthesis?

How does the presence of unsaturated fatty acids affect the melting temperature of lipids?

Which type of fatty acids are generally found at position C-1 in triacylglycerols?

What is the caloric value per unit mass of triacylglycerols compared to carbohydrates and proteins?

Which tissue has the ability to use ketone bodies at high concentrations?

What is the main purpose of ketone bodies during fasting or prolonged exercise?

What metabolic process stimulates the production of ketone bodies due to the excess of Acetyl CoA?

Which of the following is NOT a function of ketone bodies in the body?

What triggers the increased production of ketone bodies in the liver during fasting?

How are ketone bodies utilized by peripheral tissues?

What is the major pathway for fatty acid catabolism?

Which enzyme is responsible for mobilizing fat through lipolysis?

What inhibits the carnitine shuttle (CPT1) in fatty acid beta-oxidation?

What is the role of the carnitine shuttle in fatty acid beta-oxidation?

Which compound is synthesized from lysine and methionine and helps transport fatty acids into mitochondria?

What does the first cycle of beta-oxidation produce?

What is the main function of ATP citrate lyase in fatty acid synthesis?

What is the effect of palmitoyl CoA on acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)?

Which molecule serves as a negative feedback regulator of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity?

What stimulates acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) synthesis hormonally?

In which pathway is acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) considered the rate-limiting step?

What is the role of citrate in stimulating ATP citrate lyase activity?

What are the final products after the full oxidation of 1 palmitoyl CoA?

What is the alternative fuel produced by the liver mitochondria from fatty acid oxidation?

Where are acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate transported for utilization in peripheral tissues?

What can acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate be converted back into within peripheral tissue cells?

What happens to acetone produced during ketone body metabolism?

What is the end product of fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by fatty acid synthase in eukaryotes?

What is the role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in fatty acid synthesis?

What is the caloric value per unit mass of triacylglycerols compared to carbohydrates and proteins?

What type of fatty acids are generally NOT found at position C-2 in triacylglycerols?

What decreases the melting temperature of lipids?

How are newly synthesized fatty acids primarily stored in the body?

Where does de novo fatty acid synthesis mainly occur?

Which of the following tissues can synthesize fatty acids in small quantities, besides liver, mammary glands, and adipose tissue cells?

What is the primary end product of de novo fatty acid synthesis?

Which organelle is key for providing Acetyl Coenzyme A (ACoA) as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?

Which enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum can cause desaturation of long-chain fatty acids by adding double bonds?

What is the main function of ketone bodies during fasting and prolonged exercise?

Which tissue has the ability to utilize ketone bodies at high concentrations?

What stimulates the liver to produce high levels of ketone bodies during fasting?

Which molecule is produced when 3-hydroxybutyrate is oxidized in peripheral tissues?

What is the primary role of lipolysis in adipocytes?

In which condition do ketone bodies increase, leading to their elevated use as an energy source by peripheral tissues?

What is the common compound that fatty acids are synthesized from and oxidized to?

Where are fatty acids oxidized and synthesized within the cell?

Under what conditions do physiological factors largely inhibit fatty acid oxidation?

Which process prevents 'futile cycling' by largely inhibiting fatty acid oxidation?

What is the primary compound that connects the pathway for mobilization of fats with beta-oxidation?

What are the final products after the full oxidation of 1 palmitoyl CoA?

What are the primary ketone bodies formed in the adult liver mitochondria from fatty acid oxidation?

What can happen to acetone produced during ketone body metabolism?

Which tissues can receive transported ketone bodies for utilization?

What is the alternative fuel that cells can derive from ACoA in peripheral tissues?

What is the primary role of Hormone-Sensitive-Lipase (HSL) in the context of fat mobilization?

Which compound is required for the transport of fatty-acyl-CoA into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation?

What can cause decreased ability of tissues to use long-chain fatty acids as fuel?

Which process can inhibit the transfer of newly synthesized fatty acids into the mitochondria for degradation?

What is the rate-limiting step for transporting fatty-acyl-CoA into the mitochondria?

What is the main product generated in each cycle of fatty acid beta-oxidation?

What is the primary role of acetone in ketotic patients?

Why do ketone bodies save glucose during fasting?

Where are ketone bodies primarily produced?

Why does the liver increase ketone body production during fasting?

What stimulates the production of ketone bodies due to excess Acetyl CoA?

How are ketone bodies utilized by peripheral tissues?

What is the main role of ATP citrate lyase in the context of fatty acid synthesis?

Which molecule allosterically activates acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in fatty acid synthesis?

Which factor negatively regulates acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity in fatty acid synthesis?

What is the primary requirement for the carboxylation of Acetyl CoA to Malony CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

What stimulates acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) synthesis in the context of fatty acid synthesis?