Nutrition weeks 1-6

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Questions and Answers

Match the following nutrients to their usable form in the body:

Carbohydrates = Monosaccharides Fat = Fatty acids Proteins = Amino acids

Match the following nutrient category with its primary function:

Carbohydrates = Quick energy Fats = Stored energy Proteins = Tissue growth Vitamins = Assist enzymes

Match the following fatty acids with the animals that require them:

Linoleic acid (omega 6) = Cats and dogs Alpha-Linolenic acid (omega 3) = Cats and dogs Arachidonic acid = Cats

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are _____ soluble. Vitamins B and C are _____ soluble.

<p>Fat, water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Vitamin with its primary function:

<p>A = Vision and development D = Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism E = Antioxidant K = Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following macrominerals with their primary function:

<p>Calcium = Skeleton and tooth growth Phosphorus = Skeleton, tooth and DNA Magnesium = Aids in metabolism of carbs and lipids Sodium and chloride = Electrolytes (cellular charges)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microminerals with their primary function:

<p>Iron = Oxygen transport Zinc = Metabolism of nutrients Copper = Iron absorption Selenium = Cell membrane protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microminerals with their primary function:

<p>Copper = Iron absorption Iodine = Hormone synthesis Chromium = Enhances activity of insulin Zinc = Cell membrane protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition to the term regarding pet food labels:

<p>Complete = Nutritionally adequate without need for additional substances Balanced = Applies to diet, food having all required nutrients in the proper amounts Complete and balanced for all life stages = Claims maintenance for an animal at any life stage Limited claim = Claims maintenance for a specific life stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pet food label terms to their definition:

<p>Therapeutic = Under supervision of vet, formulated for specific disease Intermittent = Not intended for full time feeding Variable formula diets = Ingredients vary batch to batch Fixed formula = Consistent composition between batches</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingredient percentage is related to the way it is described. Match the following ingredients with what percentage of that ingredient would be present.

<p>Ingredient named alone (e.g. beef) = &gt;90% Ingredient listed with descriptor (beef stew) = 25-90% Ingredient listed with 'with' (dog food with beef) = 3-25% Ingredient listed as a flavour = &lt;3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

A food label is required to put the % amount of nutrients. Match the following nutrient with how they are reported on the label:

<p>Fibre = Maximum level Protein = Minimum level Fat = Minimum level Moisture = Maximum level</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrient comparison methods to what they can tell you about nutrients:

<p>As fed = Normally fed to animals, includes water within the percentage Dry matter = Part of food remaining without water present Energy basis = What can actually be metabolized and used for energy in the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrients with the amount of energy they provide:

<p>Fat = 8.5 kcal/gram Carbohydrates = 3.5 kcal/gram Protein = 3.5 kcal/gram Total kcal/100g = fat calories + protein calories + carb calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the amount of calories a nutrient provides based on the percentage listed by the manufacturer, you would need to take the kcal/gram value and multiple it by what value?

<p>% amount</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the % ME of a single nutrient you would need to determine the Kcal/ 100g of each nutrient _____ them together to determine the total ME in Kcal/ 100g, than divide by the ________ .

<p>Add, total</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the % neutrient on a dry matter basis you must take water (moisture) out of the equation. What is the equation to determine the dry matter basis of a neutrient?

<p>( % nutrient / (100%-%water) ) x 100 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of additives

<p>Make food more appealing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of perservatives

<p>Prevention of microbial growth and oxidative damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinary clinic recommend ,and why, to a client if they begin feeding a raw diet

<p>Frequent monitoring to ensure animal is getting proper nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet has been linked to on-set or occurrence of cardiac diseases

<p>Grain-free</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to slow down eating

<p>Feed with other dogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the feeding method to its definition:

<p>ad lib = pet can eat whenever it feels like it Time-controlled = animal allowed to eat within a set time-frame Portion controlled = given a pre-determined amount per feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the feeding method with how much effort or knowledge the client needs to possess:

<p>ad lib = Low effort, low knowledge time controlled = High effort, low knowledge portion-controlled = High effort, high knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following BCS scores with their descriptions:

<p>1/5 = emaciated 2/5 = Thin; waist and ribs seen 3/5 = ideal; waist present, ribs felt but not seen 4/5 = overweight; no waist, ribs not easily felt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the BSC score with its description:

<p>3/9 = thin 4-5/9 = ideal 1/9 = emaciated 2/9 = very thin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following SSc score with its description:

<p>6/9 = overweight 7/9 = heavy 8/9 = obese 9/9 = severely obese</p> Signup and view all the answers

Starting at week 5 of pregnancy we start increasing caloric intake for dog's by why what percentage?

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 3-5 weeks post whelping how much more (%) should a bitch be eating?

<p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the proper feeding method for late pregnancy dogs?

<p>Smaller more frequent meals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DER in breast feeding dogs is ___ ties higher then non-lactating dogs

<p>2-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended Protein %ME for prgnant and lactating animals

<p>25-35% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommened fat % ME for pregnant and lactating dogs

<p>20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended carb% ME fro pregnant and lactating dogs

<p>23% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommened calcium to phosphorus ratio for pregnant and lactating dogs

<p>2:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each pup adds a caloric need for the mother. By what percentage does the DER increase for the mother for each pup

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feeding method is recommended for pregnant cats

<p>Ad Lib (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protein % ME is recommended for pregnant and lactating cats

<p>32% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum required fat % ME for pregnant and lactating cats

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which set of nutrients are essential for cats

<p>Taurine, aradontic acid, linolic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

by how much should a lactating cat be eating by 4th week post-whelping

<p>2.5- 3 x DER (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newborn puppies and kittens are. ______ which means fully dependant on their mother

<p>altricial</p> Signup and view all the answers

for the first week of life how often should puppies and kittens be eating

<p>every 2 hrs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animals or terms with their corresponding feeding guidelines:

<p>Kittens = should gain 18-20 g/day Dogs = should gain 1 gram / 2-5 grams consumed Solid food = age 3-4 weeks Fully weaned = 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

A puppy has a high calcium requirement

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When switching your puppy to a new food, you can start by removing their old food and giving them there fully daily amount of the new food

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Large breed puppies are prone to skeletal disorders, 20% of which can be caused by excess nutrition, and rapid growth rates

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommened protein %ME for growing kittens and puppies

<p>26-29% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what percentage does the energy requirement reduce by after neutering

<p>24-33% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to its definition:

<p>Nutrient = Fundamental energy and metabolic substrates classified as essential or nonessential Ingredient = Raw material used in food compounding Formula = Selects and apportions ingredients for a particular diet Nutrient profile = Resulting quantitative distribution of individual nutrients within the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organ to its function:

<p>Stomach = Reservoir for food, beginning of protein digestion Small intestine = Absorption of nutrients Large intestine = Absorption of water and electrolytes Mouth = Mechanical digestion and beginning of chemical carbohydrate digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their definitions:

<p>BER = in a fasting state, awake but resting, thermoneutral environment RER = Resting, not fasted, thermoneutral environment MER = Moderately active adult, thermoneutral environment DER = average daily activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to its definition:

<p>MER = Energy requirement, to allow for metabolic processes while maintaining current body weight DER = Energy requirement to allow for metabolic processes, maintaining normal body weight, and supplementing for additional activity BER = Minimum energy required to keep organs functioning constantly RER = Includes energy used while resting; includes metabolic energy requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions:

<p>GE = Gross energy DE = Digestible energy ME = Metabolizable energy Kcal = Kilocalorie</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to their definition:

<p>GE = amount of heat produced by burning a specific amount of food in a bomb calorimeter DE = energy in food that is left over after digestion (energy in feces) ME = energy left after losses kcal = energy required to increase temperature from 14.5-15.5 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definition:

<p>DE = GE - fecal energy ME = DE - urinary loss NE = ME - DE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is faculative thermogenesis

<p>The energy required to maintain body temperature when an animal is out of a thermoneutral zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simple RER formula

<p>(30 x wt in kg) + 70 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex RER formula

<p>70X (wt in kg)^0.75 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The simple RER formula is most accurate in animals <2 kg

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The complex RER formula is accurate for patients < 2kg

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least nutritionally demanding life stage

<p>Adult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the DER adjustment value to its corresponding age/life stage:

<p>lactating = 1.9 1-2 years old = 1.7-2.0 3-7 years = 1.14-1.9</p> <blockquote> <p>7 years = 1.1-1.7</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major causes of death in old age pets. select all that apply

<p>Cancer (A), Kidney failure (B), Heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism natural increases with age. Therefore geriatrics have increased MER and RER requirments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein should be reduced as the animal ages

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following performance types to their proper nutritional requirements:

<p>Short duration = Low fat high carb Endurance = High fat low carb</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geography, elevation, outside temperature, and pyschological stress all increase the energy requirements of a performance breed.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper timing of meals for performance animals select all that apply

<p>1 meal 4 hrs before exercise (C), 1 meal 2 hrs after exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended %ME distribution for canine athletes

<p>Protein: 30-35%, Fat: 50-65%, carb: 10-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diet can cure disease

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the disease class to its related body parts:

<p>Coordinating = nervous, endocrine Structural = Skeletal, muscular, integument, cardiovascular Visceral = digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence obesity, select all that apply

<p>genetics (A), excessive caloric intake (B), Breed (C), age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive feeding during growth phase increases likelihood of adult obesity

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do prior to treating for obesity

<p>Rule out underlying medical conditions that can cause weight gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper order when determining an animal's weight management program?

<p>1 = Determine pet's ideal body weight 2 = Decide on correct DER factor 3 = Calculate DER 4 = Determine amount of calories that will facilitate weight loss while maintaining proper nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the DER adjustment value with the corresponding obesity stage:

<p>Obese prone cats = 1.0 Weight loss/dogs = 1.0 Weight loss/cat = 0.8 Obese prone dogs = 1.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Once an obese animals DER has been determined to facilitate weight loss and meet RER and DER requirments it should not be adjusted until at there ideal weight

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only the amount per meal is changed for obese patients. Clients can treat/ snack their pet as normal

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with an obese dog does not want to cut out their pets treats. What would you suggest they do instead

<p>take a portion of their calculated DER and a lot it for treats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper way to introduce exercise to an obese patient

<p>15-30 minutes per day for 5 days and slowly increase over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal weight loss rate for dogs

<p>1-2%/ week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended weight loss rate for cats

<p>1-1.5% per week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is refeeding syndrome

<p>Metabolic alterations that occur when nutritional support is started for starved animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which are the following are potential changes caused by refeeding syndrom, select all that apply

<p>Hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia (A), hypomagnesemia (B), thiamine deficency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypokalemia is a complication of refeeding that results from glucose being rushed into the cells bringing potassium with it

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

who is more suseptible to refeeding syndrome

<p>cats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A several starved animal comes into the clinic how would you begin feeding

<p>Start by giving them 25% of their RER and increase over 3-5 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cachexia

<p>Progressive weight loss of both fat and muscle mass simultaneously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cancer patients benefit from a low carb high fat diet

<p>Tumours feed on carbs and poorly utilize fats thus high fat means less tumor growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight loss is the only criteria for cancer diagnosis in dogs

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is high protein important for cancer patients, select all that apply

<p>To prevent or mitigate the onset of cachexia (A), AA Arginine can help improve immune function, wound healing and inhibit tumour growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Omega-3 in conjunction with arginine were shown to positively influence what? select all that apply

<p>clinical signs (A), survival time (B), remission time (C), quality of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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