Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three types of daycares?
What are the three types of daycares?
- Formal Programs, Family Programs, Sick Child Care (correct)
- Formal Programs, Small Programs, Sick Child Care
- Formal Programs, Family Programs, Child Care
- Informal Programs, Family Programs, Sick Child Care
Formal daycare programs are always subsidized.
Formal daycare programs are always subsidized.
False (B)
Family daycare programs are always licensed.
Family daycare programs are always licensed.
False (B)
Sick child care is usually very expensive.
Sick child care is usually very expensive.
According to the Day Care Act, what are the requirements for a daycare to fulfill?
According to the Day Care Act, what are the requirements for a daycare to fulfill?
Which of these professionals are involved in daycare collaboration?
Which of these professionals are involved in daycare collaboration?
What is the main role of a PHI/EHO in a daycare?
What is the main role of a PHI/EHO in a daycare?
What is the main hazard associated with shared equipment in a daycare?
What is the main hazard associated with shared equipment in a daycare?
Why is it important to clean carpets in daycare facilities regularly?
Why is it important to clean carpets in daycare facilities regularly?
What are the common hazards related to food preparation in daycare facilities?
What are the common hazards related to food preparation in daycare facilities?
Using shared cups and utensils is generally okay as long as they're sanitized.
Using shared cups and utensils is generally okay as long as they're sanitized.
The recommended handwashing facilities in a daycare kitchen are not always necessary.
The recommended handwashing facilities in a daycare kitchen are not always necessary.
Why is it important to avoid using shared cloth towels in daycare facilities?
Why is it important to avoid using shared cloth towels in daycare facilities?
Which of these is not a hazard associated with diaper changing areas in daycare facilities?
Which of these is not a hazard associated with diaper changing areas in daycare facilities?
It's acceptable to have a diaper changing table located next to a sink in a daycare facility.
It's acceptable to have a diaper changing table located next to a sink in a daycare facility.
What should be done with soiled diapers in a daycare facility?
What should be done with soiled diapers in a daycare facility?
It is preferable to use disposable diapers over cloth diapers in a daycare facility.
It is preferable to use disposable diapers over cloth diapers in a daycare facility.
Malfunctioning toilets in a daycare facility should be fixed immediately.
Malfunctioning toilets in a daycare facility should be fixed immediately.
Daycare facilities should prioritize using cleaning materials that are harmful to germs.
Daycare facilities should prioritize using cleaning materials that are harmful to germs.
It's essential for daycare facilities to limit the use of shared cots, mats, and toothbrushes to prevent infection.
It's essential for daycare facilities to limit the use of shared cots, mats, and toothbrushes to prevent infection.
The water in wading pools in daycare facilities should be changed daily.
The water in wading pools in daycare facilities should be changed daily.
Sandboxes in daycare facilities should be covered and inspected regularly.
Sandboxes in daycare facilities should be covered and inspected regularly.
What is the recommended maximum water temperature for wading pools in daycare facilities?
What is the recommended maximum water temperature for wading pools in daycare facilities?
Talcum powder is safe for children in daycare settings.
Talcum powder is safe for children in daycare settings.
Balloons are considered a potential choking hazard in daycare facilities.
Balloons are considered a potential choking hazard in daycare facilities.
Playgrounds in daycare facilities should adhere to CSA safety standards.
Playgrounds in daycare facilities should adhere to CSA safety standards.
Which of these is not a specific safety concern related to toys in daycare facilities?
Which of these is not a specific safety concern related to toys in daycare facilities?
Scarves and strings on hoods can pose a strangulation hazard for children.
Scarves and strings on hoods can pose a strangulation hazard for children.
Daycare facilities should always address the potential for electric shock hazards.
Daycare facilities should always address the potential for electric shock hazards.
Drowning is a potential safety concern in daycare settings.
Drowning is a potential safety concern in daycare settings.
Proper transportation procedures are essential for ensuring the safety of children in daycare.
Proper transportation procedures are essential for ensuring the safety of children in daycare.
Which of these is NOT a common issue found in school settings?
Which of these is NOT a common issue found in school settings?
Bedbugs pose a significant health hazard.
Bedbugs pose a significant health hazard.
Bedbugs are difficult to eliminate because the eggs are resistant to insecticides.
Bedbugs are difficult to eliminate because the eggs are resistant to insecticides.
Bedbugs can be effectively detected and eliminated by trained dogs.
Bedbugs can be effectively detected and eliminated by trained dogs.
Lice are often associated with poor hygiene.
Lice are often associated with poor hygiene.
Body lice can lay eggs on clothing and move to the skin to feed.
Body lice can lay eggs on clothing and move to the skin to feed.
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infection caused by a burrowing mite.
Scabies is a highly contagious skin infection caused by a burrowing mite.
Scabies is a treatable condition but can cause itching for several weeks.
Scabies is a treatable condition but can cause itching for several weeks.
Meningitis is a serious condition involving inflammation of which part of the body?
Meningitis is a serious condition involving inflammation of which part of the body?
Meningococcal meningitis is a bacterial infection with a high fatality rate.
Meningococcal meningitis is a bacterial infection with a high fatality rate.
Hemophilus meningitis is primarily caused by a virus.
Hemophilus meningitis is primarily caused by a virus.
Pneumococcal meningitis is a common infection affecting primarily adults.
Pneumococcal meningitis is a common infection affecting primarily adults.
Neonatal meningitis is a common infection affecting infants within the first 28 days of life.
Neonatal meningitis is a common infection affecting infants within the first 28 days of life.
Which of these is a common cause of aseptic meningitis?
Which of these is a common cause of aseptic meningitis?
Influenza is a viral infection primarily spread through direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Influenza is a viral infection primarily spread through direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious condition associated with the use of aspirin in children recovering from viral infections.
Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious condition associated with the use of aspirin in children recovering from viral infections.
Streptococcus infection, also known as Strep Throat, is a bacterial infection commonly spread through respiratory secretions.
Streptococcus infection, also known as Strep Throat, is a bacterial infection commonly spread through respiratory secretions.
Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection spread through contact and airborne transmission.
Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection spread through contact and airborne transmission.
Long-term care facilities are generally at a low risk for nosocomial infections.
Long-term care facilities are generally at a low risk for nosocomial infections.
Foodborne illnesses are a significant concern in long-term care facilities due to the population they serve.
Foodborne illnesses are a significant concern in long-term care facilities due to the population they serve.
Norovirus is known for its high infectivity, spreading easily through contaminated food and surfaces.
Norovirus is known for its high infectivity, spreading easily through contaminated food and surfaces.
Long-term care facilities should prioritize a patient-centered approach to infection control, ensuring residents' rights and dignity.
Long-term care facilities should prioritize a patient-centered approach to infection control, ensuring residents' rights and dignity.
Daycare regulations are primarily provincial in nature, not federal.
Daycare regulations are primarily provincial in nature, not federal.
What are the key requirements specified in the Day Care Act for maintaining a clean and sanitary environment?
What are the key requirements specified in the Day Care Act for maintaining a clean and sanitary environment?
What is the most effective way to prevent diarrhea in daycare settings?
What is the most effective way to prevent diarrhea in daycare settings?
Daycare workers should only be excluded from work if they have a fever.
Daycare workers should only be excluded from work if they have a fever.
What are the common illnesses found in daycare settings?
What are the common illnesses found in daycare settings?
What are some of the common issues found at schools?
What are some of the common issues found at schools?
Match the types of lice with their characteristics:
Match the types of lice with their characteristics:
What causes scabies?
What causes scabies?
What are the different types of bacterial meningitis?
What are the different types of bacterial meningitis?
What causes meningococcal meningitis?
What causes meningococcal meningitis?
Meningococcal disease is preventable with a vaccine.
Meningococcal disease is preventable with a vaccine.
What are the symptoms of meningococcal disease?
What are the symptoms of meningococcal disease?
What is the most pathogenic type of Hemophilus influenzae?
What is the most pathogenic type of Hemophilus influenzae?
Hemophilus meningitis is not preventable with a vaccine.
Hemophilus meningitis is not preventable with a vaccine.
What are the symptoms of Hemophilus meningitis?
What are the symptoms of Hemophilus meningitis?
What is the fatality rate for pneumococcal meningitis?
What is the fatality rate for pneumococcal meningitis?
Pneumococcal meningitis is more common in adults than in children.
Pneumococcal meningitis is more common in adults than in children.
What are the symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis?
What are the symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis?
What are the common causes of neonatal meningitis?
What are the common causes of neonatal meningitis?
Neonatal meningitis is always acquired from the mother during childbirth.
Neonatal meningitis is always acquired from the mother during childbirth.
What are the common symptoms of neonatal meningitis?
What are the common symptoms of neonatal meningitis?
What are the potential causes of viral meningitis?
What are the potential causes of viral meningitis?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can cause viral meningitis.
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can cause viral meningitis.
What are the common symptoms of viral meningitis?
What are the common symptoms of viral meningitis?
What are the common symptoms of influenza?
What are the common symptoms of influenza?
A cold is the same as the flu.
A cold is the same as the flu.
Influenza is typically more prevalent during the summer months.
Influenza is typically more prevalent during the summer months.
The influenza vaccine is only effective for those over six months of age.
The influenza vaccine is only effective for those over six months of age.
How can you help prevent the spread of influenza?
How can you help prevent the spread of influenza?
What are the common risks associated with long-term care facilities?
What are the common risks associated with long-term care facilities?
Long-term care facilities are typically considered low risk for foodborne illnesses.
Long-term care facilities are typically considered low risk for foodborne illnesses.
What are some of the key considerations for preventing foodborne illnesses in long-term care facilities?
What are some of the key considerations for preventing foodborne illnesses in long-term care facilities?
What are some of the illnesses of interest that are common in long-term care facilities?
What are some of the illnesses of interest that are common in long-term care facilities?
Inspections of long-term care facilities are not necessary, as state regulations are sufficient.
Inspections of long-term care facilities are not necessary, as state regulations are sufficient.
What are the common areas of inspection in long-term care facilities?
What are the common areas of inspection in long-term care facilities?
Conversations with employees during an inspection are not necessary as long as there is documentation.
Conversations with employees during an inspection are not necessary as long as there is documentation.
What are some of the key areas to inspect in a long-term care facility?
What are some of the key areas to inspect in a long-term care facility?
Outbreaks in long-term care facilities are handled differently than outbreaks in acute care facilities.
Outbreaks in long-term care facilities are handled differently than outbreaks in acute care facilities.
Which of the following is NOT a type of daycare?
Which of the following is NOT a type of daycare?
The Day Care Act mandates that licensees follow only provincial guidelines for health and safety.
The Day Care Act mandates that licensees follow only provincial guidelines for health and safety.
What is the main hazard associated with carpet in a daycare?
What is the main hazard associated with carpet in a daycare?
When sanitizing cups and utensils in a daycare, temperature and chemical concentration recommendations are not essential.
When sanitizing cups and utensils in a daycare, temperature and chemical concentration recommendations are not essential.
What is the most common condition in daycares next to upper respiratory infections?
What is the most common condition in daycares next to upper respiratory infections?
During a diarrheal outbreak, it is okay to continue with play dough activities in a daycare.
During a diarrheal outbreak, it is okay to continue with play dough activities in a daycare.
Daycares are not required to keep records of children's illnesses.
Daycares are not required to keep records of children's illnesses.
Reye's syndrome can occur in children and teens recovering from a viral infection who have taken aspirin.
Reye's syndrome can occur in children and teens recovering from a viral infection who have taken aspirin.
Long-term care facilities (LTCF's) are considered a low-risk environment for the spread of contagious diseases.
Long-term care facilities (LTCF's) are considered a low-risk environment for the spread of contagious diseases.
What is the most common source of foodborne illness in LTCF's?
What is the most common source of foodborne illness in LTCF's?
An outbreak of a contagious disease at a LTCF would be managed in the same manner as an acute care facility.
An outbreak of a contagious disease at a LTCF would be managed in the same manner as an acute care facility.
It is unnecessary to check records of past outbreaks during an inspection of a LTCF because they are historical data.
It is unnecessary to check records of past outbreaks during an inspection of a LTCF because they are historical data.
During an inspection of a LTCF, it is acceptable to overlook personal items in shared washrooms as everyone should be careful.
During an inspection of a LTCF, it is acceptable to overlook personal items in shared washrooms as everyone should be careful.
Visible leaks or missing floor pieces in a LTCF are not a cause for concern during an inspection, they are simply aesthetic issues.
Visible leaks or missing floor pieces in a LTCF are not a cause for concern during an inspection, they are simply aesthetic issues.
Educating staff at a LTCF about infection control is not crucial, as they already have extensive knowledge about it.
Educating staff at a LTCF about infection control is not crucial, as they already have extensive knowledge about it.
Flashcards
Daycare formal programs
Daycare formal programs
Established locations, usually large, licensed, may be subsidized, and offer full-day or part-day programs.
Daycare family programs
Daycare family programs
Informal, potentially unlicensed, small-scale daycare operations.
Sick child care daycares
Sick child care daycares
Daycares that only care for sick children; typically expensive.
Day Care Act, Section 28(3)
Day Care Act, Section 28(3)
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Day Care Act, Section 28(4)
Day Care Act, Section 28(4)
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Daycare Collaboration
Daycare Collaboration
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EHO/PHI role in daycares
EHO/PHI role in daycares
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Environmental cleaning in daycares
Environmental cleaning in daycares
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Carpet cleaning in daycares
Carpet cleaning in daycares
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Food preparation hazards
Food preparation hazards
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Sanitizing cups/utensils
Sanitizing cups/utensils
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Inadequate handwashing facilities
Inadequate handwashing facilities
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Shared cloth towels
Shared cloth towels
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Diaper changing areas
Diaper changing areas
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Malfunctioning toilets
Malfunctioning toilets
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Inadequate air exchange
Inadequate air exchange
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Sharing personal items
Sharing personal items
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Water temperature (scalding)
Water temperature (scalding)
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Daycare safety
Daycare safety
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Diaper changing procedure
Diaper changing procedure
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Diarrheal outbreak
Diarrheal outbreak
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Employee screening
Employee screening
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Child screening
Child screening
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Conjunctivitis exclusion
Conjunctivitis exclusion
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Cryptosporidium Outbreak: Milwaukee 1993
Cryptosporidium Outbreak: Milwaukee 1993
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Cryptosporidium: Impact on Health
Cryptosporidium: Impact on Health
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Cryptosporidium: Economic Burden
Cryptosporidium: Economic Burden
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Cryptosporidium: Long-Term Effects
Cryptosporidium: Long-Term Effects
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Cryptosporidium: Historical Discovery
Cryptosporidium: Historical Discovery
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Cryptosporidium hominis
Cryptosporidium hominis
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Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidium parvum
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Cryptosporidium: Diverse Hosts
Cryptosporidium: Diverse Hosts
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Cryptosporidium: Transmission Routes
Cryptosporidium: Transmission Routes
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Cryptosporidium: Environmental Contamination
Cryptosporidium: Environmental Contamination
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Cryptosporidium: Infected Foods
Cryptosporidium: Infected Foods
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Cryptosporidium: Caterer Contamination
Cryptosporidium: Caterer Contamination
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Cryptosporidium: Incubation Period
Cryptosporidium: Incubation Period
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Cryptosporidium: Severity in Immunocompromised Individuals
Cryptosporidium: Severity in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Cryptosporidium: Oocyst Structure
Cryptosporidium: Oocyst Structure
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Cryptosporidium: Infection Process
Cryptosporidium: Infection Process
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Cryptosporidium: Reinfection and Transmission
Cryptosporidium: Reinfection and Transmission
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Cryptosporidium: Infectious Dose
Cryptosporidium: Infectious Dose
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Cryptosporidium: Immediate Infectivity
Cryptosporidium: Immediate Infectivity
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Cryptosporidium: Symptoms in Immunocompetent Individuals
Cryptosporidium: Symptoms in Immunocompetent Individuals
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Cryptosporidium: Diarrhea Severity
Cryptosporidium: Diarrhea Severity
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Cryptosporidium: Symptoms in Immunocompromised Individuals
Cryptosporidium: Symptoms in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Cryptosporidium: Additional Symptoms
Cryptosporidium: Additional Symptoms
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Cryptosporidium: Intestinal Location
Cryptosporidium: Intestinal Location
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Cryptosporidium: Location in Immunocompromised Individuals
Cryptosporidium: Location in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Cryptosporidium: Self-Limited Illness
Cryptosporidium: Self-Limited Illness
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Cryptosporidium: Treatment in Immunocompromised Individuals
Cryptosporidium: Treatment in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis
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Milwaukee Outbreak (1993)
Milwaukee Outbreak (1993)
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Economic Burden of Cryptosporidiosis
Economic Burden of Cryptosporidiosis
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Cryptosporidiosis and AIDS
Cryptosporidiosis and AIDS
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Cryptosporidium's History
Cryptosporidium's History
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How Cryptosporidium Spreads
How Cryptosporidium Spreads
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Environmental Contamination with Cryptosporidium
Environmental Contamination with Cryptosporidium
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Foods Contaminated by Cryptosporidium
Foods Contaminated by Cryptosporidium
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Human Contamination as a Source of Cryptosporidium
Human Contamination as a Source of Cryptosporidium
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Incubation Period of Cryptosporidiosis
Incubation Period of Cryptosporidiosis
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Cryptosporidiosis in Children and Elderly
Cryptosporidiosis in Children and Elderly
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Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Individuals
Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Reinfection by Cryptosporidium
Reinfection by Cryptosporidium
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Transmission of Cryptosporidium through Excreted Oocysts
Transmission of Cryptosporidium through Excreted Oocysts
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Infectious Dose of Cryptosporidium
Infectious Dose of Cryptosporidium
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Immediate Infectivity of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
Immediate Infectivity of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
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Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in Healthy Individuals
Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in Healthy Individuals
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Diarrhea Severity in Cryptosporidiosis
Diarrhea Severity in Cryptosporidiosis
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Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Individuals
Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Individuals
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Additional Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis
Additional Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis
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Location of Cryptosporidium in the Body (Healthy Individuals)
Location of Cryptosporidium in the Body (Healthy Individuals)
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Location of Cryptosporidium in the Body (Immunocompromised Individuals)
Location of Cryptosporidium in the Body (Immunocompromised Individuals)
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Self-Limited Nature of Cryptosporidiosis (Healthy Individuals)
Self-Limited Nature of Cryptosporidiosis (Healthy Individuals)
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Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis (Immunocompromised Individuals)
Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis (Immunocompromised Individuals)
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Study Notes
Daycares
- Daycares include formal programs (large, licensed, potentially subsidized, full/part-day, including nursery schools), family programs (informal, sometimes unlicensed, small-scale), and sick child care (expensive, focusing only on sick children).
- Daycare regulations (Day Care Act, Section 28(3)) require adherence to provincial guidelines for promoting and maintaining health, safety, and prevention/control of diseases.
- Requirement specifics include suitable ventilation, clean/sanitary conditions, handwashing, daily hazard checks, and sanitization of toys, mats, highchairs, cribs, and first-aid kits.
Daycare Collaboration
- Daycare collaboration involves EHOs/PHI's (Environmental Health Officers/Public Health Inspectors), licensing officers (possibly from another department), PH nurses, and MOH (Ministry of Health, but dependent on province).
- Collaboration also factors in fire and accessibility regulations.
Role of PHI/EHO
- PHI/EHO responsibilities include food facility oversight, playroom and outdoor play area inspection, bathroom facility assessment, hot water temperature checks, and diaper changing area review.
Environmental Factors
- Environmental Cleaning: Shared equipment (playpens, diaper-changing tables) requires routine cleaning and disinfection, especially when someone is sick. Change tables need thorough washing and sanitization between uses. Carpets are a hazard as they retain dirt and vacuums can recirculate dust. Steam cleaning is a recommended practice.
- Food Preparation: Foodborne illnesses (Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter) require safe food-handling practices. Staff should report outbreaks and maintain proper hand hygiene. Shared cups and utensils must meet temperature or chemical concentration sanitation recommendations.
- General Sanitation: Daycares should have separate handwashing sinks in the kitchen, use paper towels, and have well-planned diaper-changing areas next to sinks with appropriate storage for supplies.
- Malfunctioning Toilets/Inadequate Air Exchanges: These hazards must be immediately addressed to maintain sanitation and a healthy environment.
- Sharing Personal Items: Sharing personal items like cots, mats, and toothbrushes should be avoided.
- Recreational Areas: Wading pools, sandboxes, and other outdoor play areas should be cleaned daily and have appropriate coverage/inspection. Mud play surfaces need cleaning afterwards.
- Water Temperature: Water temperature should be checked to avoid scalding (max 43°C). Water temperature needs to be set in thermostats accordingly.
- Animals: Rabies and Salmonella risks from animals must be monitored.
- Talcum Powder: Inhalation from exposure to talcum powder can cause respiratory issues, so handling must be safe.
- Safety hazards: Large items like balloons and playspaces (playgrounds, swings) need to adhere to safety standards (e.g., CSA standards).
Other Safety Issues
- Toys: Toys with small parts can create strangulation hazards.
- Electrical Hazards: Electric shock can occur.
- Falling Hazards: Falling is a risk, as are equipment overloads and insufficient railings.
- Drowning Hazards: Pools and other water features require safety and accessibility.
- Transportation: Safe transportation must be ensured.
- Storage of hazardous materials: Proper handling of hazardous substances and materials is essential.
Diaper Changing
- Diaper-changing areas should have smooth, non-absorbent, easily cleanable surfaces. Raised edges prevent falls.
- These areas are located near sinks and are accessible to staff, not unsupervised children.
- Sanitation is critical to disinfect after each use, requiring soap and water, rinsing, and a disinfection solution (per manufacturer's instructions).
Procedure for Diapering a Child
- Supplies (diapers, clothes, wipes, ointment, trash) are organized within easy reach.
- A disposable covering is placed on the changing table.
- Gloves are worn.
- The child is placed on the table.
- Soiled diapers and clothes are removed.
- Soiled materials are disposed of in a plastic-lined trash can or bag.
- The cover is disposed of.
- Gloves are removed.
- The child is diapered and dressed, and the child's and staff's hands are washed thoroughly.
- The child is returned to the activity area.
- The diapering surface is washed and disinfected
- Hands are washed again.
Diarrheal Outbreak
- Diarrhea is a frequent occurrence, following upper respiratory infections.
- Handwashing is crucial for preventing the spread.
- Water play areas, wet sand tables, and play dough need to be curtailed or eliminated during the outbreak.
- Toys, equipment, and single-service dishes need thorough disinfection.
- Cloth diapers should not be handled or rinsed.
Policies Designed to Reduce Risk
- Employees: Pre-employment screening (vaccines, history), employee education on diarrhea and work restrictions are required.
- Children: Screening (vaccines/disease history), exclusion guidelines, and illness record-keeping are critical. Diapering should also be managed separately.
Prominent in Daycares
- Conjunctivitis: Direct contact, exclusions, medical evaluations, and enforcing handwashing/avoiding shared towels are procedures.
- Giardiasis: Fecal-oral transmission via vehicles (food/water), reporting guidelines, excluding those affected, and treatment are core elements.
- Herpes Simplex: Direct contact precautions, preventing contact with young children, and discouraging kissing/cup-sharing are implemented.
Daycares (Other Issues)
- Influenza: Direct contact, exclusion guidelines, and notification procedures, given droplet spread are essential.
- Reye's Syndrome: Associated with ASA (aspirin) usage in children and adolescents recovering from viral infections; confusion, seizures, and brain-liver swelling may occur.
- Streptococcal Infection (Strep Throat): Enforce hygiene/contact protocols after antibiotic treatment (exclude for 24+ hours)
- Varicella (Chickenpox): Direct contact and droplet transmission. Exclusion protocols should allow for lesions to dry before re-entry, notifying the health ministry and families remain key.
Schools
- Common issues at schools include lice, bedbugs, scabies, meningococcal disease, and norovirus.
- Lice infestation (pediculosis) spreads and requires close contact/person-to-person transmission.
- Bedbugs are a nuisance, potentially leading to secondary infections/allergic reactions.
- Scabies is caused by mites, contagious through close contact.
Bedbugs
- Bedbugs are a nuisance, not a major health hazard, but can lead to secondary skin issues and allergic reactions.
- Stress, anxiety and cost can be associated with removal (requires repeated sprayings due to egg resistance.
- Detection may require trained canine assistance.
Lice
- Lice (pediculosis) spread via direct/close physical contact and present a nuisance that can lead to irritation/infection. Controlling hygiene, cleaning frequently, and appropriate treatment options are critical in addressing lice.
- Lice can present as head lice, body lice and pubic lice, with particular attention to hair or hair-like skin.
Scabies
- Scabies, caused by mites, are contagious through physical contact (including sexual transmission), often leading to itching and potential secondary skin infections.
Meningitis
- Meningitis includes bacterial and viral varieties with diverse organisms and causes inflammation (infection) of the meninges.
- Types include meningococcal, Hemophilus, pneumococcal, and neonatal meningitis.
Meningococcemia
- Meningococcemia is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.
- A significant portion of the population can be carriers without symptoms.
- Transmission is via direct/close person-to-person contact and droplets.
Hemophilus Meningitis
- Hemophilus influenzae serotypes are pathogenic (the a-f & b varieties appear to be more prevalent).
- This can manifest as lower respiratory infection.
- Fever, vomiting, and a stiff neck are potential symptoms.
Pneumococcal Meningitis
- Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- High fatality and coma rates are possible.
- Pneumococci are often healthy carriers. Children are usually more carriers than adults.
Neonatal Meningitis
- Neonatal meningitis occurs in the first 28 days of life, resulting from bacteria, viruses, or fungi, including Group B streptococci and E. coli.
- Key symptoms include seizures, poor feeding, and respiratory distress, while the organisms are often acquired from the birth canal.
Viral Meningitis
- Viral meningitis often involves fever, rash, and symptoms lasting up to a year.
- A plethora of viruses can contribute to this, such as enteroviruses, measles, herpes simplex, varicella, and leptospirosis (which causes aseptic meningitis).
- Public Health prevention is organism-dependent.
Influenza
- Influenza (A and B) spreads via droplet/airborne transmission and fomites.
- Symptoms include high fever, cough, body aches, headache, chills, sore throat, and sometimes diarrhea/vomiting.
- It's often mistaken for the common cold, but with distinct characteristics.
- Highly contagious, occurring primarily in winter months due to indoor gatherings and transmission.
- Vaccination is available
Long-Term Care Facilities
- Risks include nosocomial infections, bloodborne pathogens (BBP), sexually transmitted infections (STI/STD’s), foodborne illnesses (FBI), and patient-to-patient or staff-to-patient transmission.
- Indoor air quality(IAQ) issues, inadequate sanitation (cleaning, disinfection, and handwashing), and insufficient facilities need to be addressed.
Foodborne Illnesses
- Foodborne illnesses are a severe risk, especially in LTCFs due to the population they serve and the potential for immunocompromised individuals to be present.
- These are discussed in other courses (e.g., Food Quality and Food Borne Diseases, Food Hygiene)
- LTCFs are usually ranked as medium to high risk due to the large populations they support. Potential risks include multiple residents with special needs or allergies.
- Key factors include the number of people served, types of foods, transportation, cleaning procedures, and the facility itself
Illnesses of Interest
- Illnesses frequently encountered in healthcare settings (and often in daycare and schools settings) include norovirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium (waterborne), respiratory infections, and nosocomial infections.
Inspection
- Inspections involve assessing food facilities, ensuring adherence to regulations, and adequate living space for each resident.
- Ventilation and ongoing maintenance, cleaning/disinfecting protocols, and staff training on practices/procedures, handling of hazardous materials should be assessed.
- Observation and documentation of activities impacting air quality, pest control, outbreak records, and cleaning/maintenance records are key elements.
- Questioning staff about therapy tub disinfection, cleaning protocols, chemical knowledge (MSDSs), and general procedures are critical.
- Common areas should be visually inspected for cleanliness. Washrooms, resident rooms, and facilities' overall condition should be evaluated for any issues that may support the growth of mold, mildew or insects.
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Description
Explore the key aspects of daycare programs, including formal and family setups, as well as sick child care provisions. Understand the regulations surrounding health, safety, and the collaborative role of health officials in maintaining daycare standards. This quiz will test your knowledge on essential guidelines and collaboration in daycare settings.
