Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to David Hesmondhalgh, what significant shift has occurred in cultural production since the 1980s?
According to David Hesmondhalgh, what significant shift has occurred in cultural production since the 1980s?
- Increased focus on text-based study in media analysis.
- Greater emphasis on regulatory frameworks in media production.
- Transformation in how cultural products are produced and distributed. (correct)
- A decline in the influence of media institutions.
Hesmondhalgh's primary focus in 'The Cultural Industries' is the analysis of individual media texts rather than the institutional and industry contexts.
Hesmondhalgh's primary focus in 'The Cultural Industries' is the analysis of individual media texts rather than the institutional and industry contexts.
False (B)
What is the main advantage for streaming services like Netflix and Amazon in creating their own original content, according to the article?
What is the main advantage for streaming services like Netflix and Amazon in creating their own original content, according to the article?
Owning the copyright
According to David Hesmondhalgh, the concept of 'industry' in media studies refers to the companies that create and distribute media texts, the standard practices of media production, as well as the ________ and legal frameworks in which these companies operate.
According to David Hesmondhalgh, the concept of 'industry' in media studies refers to the companies that create and distribute media texts, the standard practices of media production, as well as the ________ and legal frameworks in which these companies operate.
Match the media company with its primary strategy or focus:
Match the media company with its primary strategy or focus:
What was Netflix's initial business model before transitioning to streaming?
What was Netflix's initial business model before transitioning to streaming?
Google and Facebook are regulated as media companies, similar to traditional broadcasters.
Google and Facebook are regulated as media companies, similar to traditional broadcasters.
What is one reason why technology companies have an advantage over traditional media companies in terms of distribution?
What is one reason why technology companies have an advantage over traditional media companies in terms of distribution?
According to the article, the internet is the perfect ________ distribution network.
According to the article, the internet is the perfect ________ distribution network.
Match the company with its specific media initiative:
Match the company with its specific media initiative:
What is one way Netflix adapted Stranger Things for international audiences?
What is one way Netflix adapted Stranger Things for international audiences?
According to the article, Netflix is profitable and doesn't rely on debt to fund its original content.
According to the article, Netflix is profitable and doesn't rely on debt to fund its original content.
Why did Blockbuster go bust?
Why did Blockbuster go bust?
Alphabet is Google's ________ company.
Alphabet is Google's ________ company.
Match the term with its description:
Match the term with its description:
What is the primary source of revenue for Google and Facebook?
What is the primary source of revenue for Google and Facebook?
According to the article, traditional media like television and print are experiencing growing audiences and increasing advertising revenues.
According to the article, traditional media like television and print are experiencing growing audiences and increasing advertising revenues.
What is one way Facebook has blurred the line between being a platform and a broadcaster?
What is one way Facebook has blurred the line between being a platform and a broadcaster?
The World Wide Web was donated free by its creator ________.
The World Wide Web was donated free by its creator ________.
Match the streaming service with its parent company:
Match the streaming service with its parent company:
What is the estimated spending amount for Netflix on original material for the next year?
What is the estimated spending amount for Netflix on original material for the next year?
The Internet was created by private companies, who invested vast amounts of money in cable or satellite distribution networks.
The Internet was created by private companies, who invested vast amounts of money in cable or satellite distribution networks.
What is one of the topics that, according to Hesmondhalgh, are often wrongly neglected in Media Studies?
What is one of the topics that, according to Hesmondhalgh, are often wrongly neglected in Media Studies?
Advertisers can be confident that their message is getting to their desired audience because Google and Facebook can ________ niche audiences.
Advertisers can be confident that their message is getting to their desired audience because Google and Facebook can ________ niche audiences.
Match the technological advancement/media shift with its impact on content distribution:
Match the technological advancement/media shift with its impact on content distribution:
Flashcards
Industry Concept (Media)
Industry Concept (Media)
Companies that create/distribute media texts, standard production practices & regulations.
Addressing diverse audiences
Addressing diverse audiences
Producing output that appeals to diverse audience groups, ensuring common comprehension.
Global Launch
Global Launch
Simultaneous release of a service in many countries.
Copyright Ownership (Netflix)
Copyright Ownership (Netflix)
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Micro-Targeting Niche Audiences
Micro-Targeting Niche Audiences
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Digitization (Media)
Digitization (Media)
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Netflix's Business Model
Netflix's Business Model
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Netflix's Original Content Strategy
Netflix's Original Content Strategy
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Netflix Investment Strategy
Netflix Investment Strategy
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Facebook Watch
Facebook Watch
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David Hesmondhalgh
David Hesmondhalgh
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Nick Lacey
Nick Lacey
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American Culture
American Culture
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Stranger Things
Stranger Things
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Gloablisation
Gloablisation
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Facebook Watch
Facebook Watch
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Study Notes
- David Hesmondhalgh is a key theorist for A-level Media Studies students
- His book, "The Cultural Industries," explores the 'industry' concept, often a neglected area in Media Studies
The 'Industry' Concept
- Encompasses media text creation and distribution companies
- Includes standard media production practices
- Also includes regulatory and legal frameworks for these companies
Hesmondhalgh's Argument
- Argues that cultural production has significantly shifted since the 1980s
Adapting to Diverse Audiences
- Producers must exercise caution to ensure productions are widely understood
- American culture is often the second culture in many countries, mostly making US-produced texts easily understood
Netflix's Localization Strategy
- Netflix ensures connections transcend language barriers
- Netflix researches how various cultures translated "Demogorgon" in the mid-1970s for Stranger Things
- The Demogorgon was renamed in some regions based on the local Dungeons & Dragons demon prince name
- Netflix uses the actors who regularly dub particular performers in foreign language versions
Netflix's Financial Model
- Netflix is highly indebted, possibly up to $20 billion
- Unlike traditional media companies, it lacks other revenue sources
- Amazon, as a retailer, doesn't rely solely on Prime subscriptions for profitability
Digitization and Competition
- Digitization allows tech companies to challenge traditional broadcasters
- Amazon, initially an online bookseller, now produces its own 'television' programmes
Netflix's Strategy
- Netflix started as a postal DVD service, then 'liberated' television programmes from broadcasters' schedules
- Netflix realized it needed to create an online subscription service
- Netflix understood it needed to produce its own content
- Traditional media companies threatened to eventually set up their own Internet distribution networks
Downfall of Traditional Distributors
- DVD distributors like Blockbuster failed after broadband enabled video streaming
- Disney has withdrawn all its content from Netflix in order to stream content on its own channel
Investment in Original Content
- Netflix plans to spend $8 billion on original material
- Amazon's budget is estimated at $4.5 billion
- Apple has recently entered the streaming arena with a $1 billion investment
Impact on Traditional Media
- Traditional media, especially television and print, face declining audiences and advertising revenues
Internet as a Distribution Network
- The Internet was created with taxpayer money
- Tech companies haven't invested vast amounts in distribution networks due to the Internet
- The wired world can access content via the World Wide Web
- The Internet is the perfect global distribution network
Global Expansion
- In 2016, Netflix launched in 130 new countries, totaling 190
- Amazon opened in 200 countries
Copyright Advantages of Original Content
- Netflix and Amazon automatically own the copyright for their original programmes
- They do not need to purchase additional distribution permissions
Facebook Watch
- In 2017, Facebook launched Watch, hosting original 'reality TV' programming
- This blurs the line between being a platform and a broadcaster
- Google has not made the same move, still making revenue from other companies' content
- Shareholders' desire for growth may lead to expanding offerings
Hesmondhalgh's Skill
- Outlines current trends
- Offers a thorough examination of institutional and industry aspects of Media Studies
- Covers topics often neglected: copyright, internationalisation, and social justice
Exam Preparation
- Focus on the institutional context of texts studied, using material from Hesmondhalgh's book
- Study efficiently, not trying to "swallow" the whole book
- Watching Netflix can be considered homework
Addressing Concerns About Fake News
- Facebook launched Watch primarily in response to the problem of 'fake news'
Advertising Revenue Model
- Alphabet (Google's parent company) and Facebook are now some of the biggest media companies worldwide
- Advertising revenue enables success for these companies
Micro-Targeting
- Advertisers can be confident their message reaches their desired audience
- The global reach of the Internet maximizes audience size
Regulatory Loopholes
- Google and Facebook started as tech companies
- They've avoided being regulated as media companies
- YouTube hosts extremist content, whereas traditional broadcasters would be fined or lose licenses for similar content
Netflix's Competition
- Netflix faces tough competition from Amazon Prime, Now TV, Hulu, HBO, Apple TV, and Disney+
Netflix Financial Strategy
- Creating original and exclusive content allows Netflix to keep profits and control "in-house"
- Original content requires high production values, making long-form TV a key strategy
- The company is taking financial risks and borrowing money for long-term future growth
- Netflix cash flow was negative until 2022 due to borrowing $15 billion to build its catalogue
Netflix Expansion
- Netflix has expanded its operations to Shepperton, a major production site with numerous sound stages
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