Data types, primitive and composite types

Which of the following best describes the concept of data abstraction?

What is the primary purpose of information hiding in the context of abstraction?

Which level of the Abstract Data Type (ADT) focuses on how the data structure is represented and how its operations are implemented?

When working at the Application level of an ADT, what is the primary focus?

Which of the following is the correct association with the logical level of an ADT?

What is the purpose of specifying preconditions for a method?

What is the significance of postconditions in method specifications?

In Java, what is the primary characteristic of an abstract method?

Which of the following statements is true regarding Java interfaces?

What happens when a class implements an interface in Java?

What is a key benefit of using interfaces in software design?

Which of the following is true regarding the binding of figures[3] in the given code snippet FigureInterface[] figures = new FigureInterface[COUNT]; ... (Loop to generate figures) ... figures[3]?

Which data structure follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle?

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental operation typically associated with a stack?

A programming language system uses a stack for call operations; what other operations do use stacks?

In the context of collections, what is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a stack from other types of collections?

Why is implementing separate ADTs for different data types in a collection often considered redundant and not useful?

If a collection holds elements of the 'Object' class, what consideration must be taken when retrieving elements from the collection?

Which of the following describes the primary advantage of using generic stacks?

When using a generic stack, how is the type of element to be held specified?

Why is it important for a Stack ADT to include methods like isEmpty() and isFull()?

In the context of the StackInterface, what is the purpose of throwing a StackOverflowException?

What is the primary focus when studying an array-based implementation of a Stack ADT?

What is the significance of using protected access modifier for elements and topIndex in the ArrayBoundedStack class?

In the ArrayBoundedStack class, what is the purpose of the DEFCAP constant?

What is a key difference between an ArrayBoundedStack and an ArrayListStack implementation of a stack?

When implementing the isEmpty() method for ArrayListStack, what operation of the ArrayList class is used?

The code for push() used some method of the ArrayList, which method?

In the context of balanced expressions, what is the role of a stack?

In the algorithm for checking balanced expressions, what action is taken when a closing symbol is encountered?

What integer should the test procedure return if an expression has unbalanced symbols?

What is the key characteristic of a self-referential class, such as LLNode used in linked lists?

Letters is the LLNode head of the String 'BCD'. What output is produced by the following code block: LLNode<String> currNode = letters; while (currNode != null) { System.out.println(currNode.getInfo()); currNode = currNode.getLink(); }?

In a linked list, there are different general case of insertion, one of them is:

Given the code for inserting a node at the front of a linked list, what happens if the list is initially empty?

In a link-based stack implementation, what instance variable is primarily needed?

Which step happens second to implement the push(C) procedure for the linked stack, assuming that A and B are already members?

What is the primary benefit of using a linked implementation for a stack compared to an array-based implementation when the number of stack elements varies greatly?

What is the primary advantage of using an array-based implementation for a stack when the maximum stack size is known and relatively small?

In postfix notation, how are operators positioned relative to their operands?

During the postfix expression evaluation algorithm, what is done when an item being scanned is an operand?

What distinguishes a composite data type from an atomic (primitive) data type?

Which of the following data types represents a structured composite type?

What is the primary goal of information hiding within the concept of abstraction?

In the context of Abstract Data Types (ADTs), what does the 'logical level' primarily define?

What is the purpose of preconditions and postconditions when specifying methods in an ADT?

In Java, what is the key characteristic of methods declared within an interface?

What is a benefit of using interfaces in Java for ADT design?

"Data are nouns in the programming world". Which is an accurate consideration of the presented definition?

Which is an accurate reflection of the purpose of software design?

How does the LIFO principle relate to the functionality of a stack?

Why is the constructor operation essential for stack ADTs?

What is the implication of declaring a Stack ADT as a 'generic stack'?

What is the significance of the StackUnderflowException in the Stack ADT?

What does studying an array-based implementation of a stack ADT primarily involve?

Imagine you want to create a Stack that holds Integer objects. How do you declare such a stack using generic collections?

Why might a stack be useful in a programming language system?

When the isFull() method returns true, what operation can cause the StackOverflowExecption to be thrown?

What is a key advantage of the ArrayListStack implementation compared to the ArrayBoundedStack implementation?

Which Java ArrayList method is used by ArrayListStack to implement it's own stack push()?

Which data type is used for the variables openSet and closeSet in algorithm verification of paranthesis and braces using stacks?

In the algorithm for checking if an expression is well-formed, what is done with non special sympols?

What does the test method do in an expression that is checked to see if grouping symbols are balanced, but comes to an end permaturely?

In the context of linked lists, what is a self-referential class, such as LLNode?

Given a linked list with head letters, which insertion general case involves modifying the link of the head node?

In a link-based stack implementation, what is contained within the single instance variable?

When implementing the push() method for a link-based stack, consider that newNode is the node needed, and top is the stack top to become a member. How is this implemented?

During postfix expression evaluation, what action is taken when an operator is encountered?

What are the memory implications of using a Link-based stack vs the array approach?

Regarding the constructors of the stack: Which class has operation efficiency O(N)?

For Java's Collections Framework Stack, what class does your Stack extend?

What happens when push() is called in the ArrayStack class?

True or False: Stack ADT will be a generic stack.

In the push(T element) method, what happens to the stack once isFull() returns false?

Which statement is true regarding the method top()?

For what values of the topIndex is isEmpty() considered false? Assume standard stack procedures.

How is a Stack typically visually represented?

The code for array pop() used what notation?

How does a stack handle data in relation to its ordering?

Which of the following operations transforms a stack by adding an element to it?

If a method is specified to throw a StackUnderflowException, under what condition does this typically occur?

In an ArrayBoundedStack implementation, how is the top of the stack initially indicated?

What is the purpose of the openSet and closeSet variables in the Balanced class used for checking balanced expressions?

When implementing a stack using a linked list, which reference is primarily maintained by the LinkedStack class?

What is meant when data is described as the 'nouns' of the programming world?

What distinguishes a 'structured composite type' from other data types?

How does data encapsulation contribute to data abstraction?

What is the essential characteristic of the logical level of an Abstract Data Type (ADT)?

Why are preconditions important when specifying a method in an ADT?

In Java, what is a defining characteristic of methods declared within an interface?

What is a key advantage of using interfaces in Java for ADT design?

In the context of an ArrayBoundedStack, what is the significance of having a bounded implementation?

What is a primary advantage of using a generic stack?

Under what circumstances would an array-based stack implementation be preferred over a link-based implementation?

What is a key advantage of the link-based stack implementation compared to the array-based stack?

In a LinkedStack implementation, what is the first step in the push operation?

What is the time complexity for basic stack operations (push, pop, top) in both array-based and link-based implementations?

What is the primary difference in memory usage between array-based and link-based stack implementations?

What is the time complexity of the constructor operation for the ArrayBoundedStack class?