Data Abstraction Chapter 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of constructors in abstract data types?

  • To build the abstract data type (correct)
  • To retrieve information from the data type
  • To modify the existing data type
  • To delete the data type

    • What information does the city object hold?

  • The city's latitude and longitude only
  • Only the city's name
  • The city's name, latitude, and longitude (correct)
  • The city's longitude only

    • What is the purpose of selectors in abstract data types?

  • To retrieve information from the data type (correct)
  • To delete the data type
  • To build the abstract data type
  • To modify the existing data type

    • How do you create a city object?

    <p>Using a function like city = makecity (name, lat, lon)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defines the functions for the end user?

    <p>Someone else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed about the functions in the abstract data type?

    <p>The end user doesn't know how they were implemented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of constructors and selectors in abstract data types?

    <p>Constructors build the data type, selectors retrieve information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abstraction level of the city object?

    <p>Abstract data type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of naming the parts of a multi-item object?

    <p>To make it easier to access each item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a list and a multi-item object like a Person?

    <p>A list allows direct access to each item, while a Person object does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using named parts in a multi-item object?

    <p>It makes the code more readable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'id' attribute in the Person object?

    <p>To store a unique identifier for the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Person object represented pictorially?

    <p>As a diagram with named parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using a multi-item object like a Person?

    <p>It allows for more organized and structured data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the constructor function makecity()?

    <p>To create an object of the city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the functions getlat() and getlon() retrieve from the city object?

    <p>The city's latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the distance() function?

    <p>To compute the distance between two city objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the := symbol represent in the pseudo code?

    <p>An assignment operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the functions getlat() and getlon()?

    <p>Selectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to compute the distance between two city objects?

    <p>(lt1 - lt2)**2 + (lg1 - lg2)**2)**1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lt and lg variables in the distance() function?

    <p>To store the city's latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the data type of the city object?

    <p>Not specified in the pseudo code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of data abstraction?

    <p>To define an abstract data type and separate it from its representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of an abstract data type (ADT)?

    <p>A collection of constructors and selectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of selectors in an abstract data type?

    <p>To extract individual pieces of information from an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the part of a program that operates on abstract data and the part that defines a concrete representation?

    <p>They are connected by a small set of functions that implement abstract data in terms of the concrete representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rational number an example of?

    <p>A sub-class of real numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the example of rational numbers in the context of data abstraction?

    <p>To illustrate the technique of data abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of constructors in an abstract data type?

    <p>An object that bundles different pieces of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a small set of functions in data abstraction?

    <p>To implement abstract data in terms of the concrete representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Abstract Data Type (ADT)?

    <p>A type that defines a set of values and operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the definition of an Abstract Data Type (ADT) specify?

    <p>What operations will be performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of providing only the essentials and hiding the details called?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a concrete and abstract implementation?

    <p>The level of abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a concept related to Abstract Data Types?

    <p>Data Structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Abstraction in Data Structures?

    <p>To hide the implementation details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Abstract Data Types (ADTs)?

    <p>Implementation independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Abstraction

    • Data Abstraction is a process of providing only the essential features and hiding the details.
    • It gives an implementation-independent view.

    Abstract Data Types (ADT)

    • ADT is a type (or class) for objects whose behavior is defined by a set of values and a set of operations.
    • The definition of ADT only mentions what operations are to be performed, but not how these operations will be implemented.
    • It does not specify how data will be organized in memory and what algorithms will be used for implementing the operations.

    Difference between Concrete and Abstract Implementation

    • Concrete implementation is implementation-dependent.
    • Abstract implementation is implementation-independent.

    Constructors and Selectors

    Constructors

    • Constructors are functions that build the abstract data type.
    • They create an object, bundling together different pieces of information.

    Selectors

    • Selectors are functions that retrieve information from the data type.
    • They extract individual pieces of information from the object.

    Example: City Abstract Data Type

    • The city object will hold the city's name, and its latitude and longitude.
    • Constructors: city = makecity (name, lat, lon)
    • Selectors: getname(city), getlat(city), getlon(city)

    Data Abstraction in Programming

    • Data abstraction is supported by defining an abstract data type (ADT), and constructors and selectors.
    • The two parts of a program are: the part that operates on abstract data, and the part that defines a concrete representation, connected by a small set of functions that implement abstract data in terms of the concrete representation.

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    Learn about abstract data types and abstraction in programming. Understand the concept of ADT and its importance in programming.

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