Data Structures and Algorithms Quiz

The initStack function initializes an empty stack by setting the top of the stack to -1.

The isEmpty function determines if a stack is empty by checking whether the top of the stack is -1. If it is, the function returns 1 (true), indicating the stack is empty. Otherwise, it returns 0 (false), meaning the stack has elements.

The push function adds a new element to the top of the stack. It takes two arguments: the stack itself and the value to be added. In the case of overflow, it warns the user by printing "Stack Overflow".

<p>The <code>pop</code> function removes and returns the top element from the stack. If the stack is already empty, it prints &quot;Stack Underflow&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>peek</code> function checks and returns the element at the top of the stack without removing it. If the stack is empty, it reports a &quot;Stack Underflow&quot; error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>isOperator</code> function determines whether a given character is a valid operator. It checks if the character is one of the following: '+', '-', '*', '/', or '^'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>precedence</code> function defines the order of operations for different operators. It assigns a higher precedence to operators like exponentiation ('^') and multiplication/division ('*', '/') compared to addition/subtraction ('+', '-').</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>infixToPostfix</code> function converts an infix expression to its equivalent postfix expression. It uses a stack data structure to manage the operators and parentheses during the conversion process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>main</code> function acts as the entry point for the code execution. It prompts the user to input an infix expression, calls the <code>infixToPostfix</code> function to convert it to postfix, and prints the resulting postfix expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>initStack</code> function serves to initialize an empty stack by setting the top of the stack to -1. This initializes the stack data structure in preparation for further operations like pushing or popping elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>isFull</code> function checks whether the stack is full. It returns 1 if the top of the stack has reached the maximum capacity (MAX - 1), indicating that no further elements can be pushed onto the stack, and returns 0 (false) otherwise, indicating that the stack is not at its maximum capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>isEmpty</code> function verifies whether the stack is empty. It returns 1 if the top of the stack is -1, signifying no elements are currently in the stack. It returns 0 (false) otherwise, indicating the stack has elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>pop</code> function removes and returns the element at the top of the stack. If the stack is already empty, it prints a &quot;Stack Underflow&quot; error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>evaluatePostfix</code> function takes a postfix expression as input and evaluates it to produce the result. It utilizes a stack to keep track of operands and performs operations based on the encountered operators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>main</code> function acts as the main execution block of the program. It prompts the user for a postfix expression, calls the <code>evaluatePostfix</code> function to evaluate it, and displays the calculated result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>createNode</code> function dynamically allocates memory for a new <code>Node</code> structure. It initializes the <code>data</code> field with the provided value, sets the <code>next</code> field to <code>NULL</code>, and returns a pointer to the newly created node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>initQueue</code> function initializes an empty queue by setting its front and rear pointers to <code>NULL</code>. It prepares the queue for operations like adding, removing, and displaying elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>isEmpty</code> function checks if a queue is empty by evaluating if the front pointer of the queue is <code>NULL</code>. If the front pointer is <code>NULL</code>, it indicates an empty queue, and the function returns 1 (true). Otherwise, it returns 0 (false), indicating the queue contains elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>insert</code> function adds a node containing a given <code>data</code> to the rear end of the queue. It handles both the case of an empty queue and the case where the queue already contains elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>delete</code> function removes the element at the front of the queue. If the queue is empty, it prints an error message and returns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>display</code> function iterates through the elements of the queue and prints the data of each node to the console. If the queue is empty, an appropriate message is printed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>main</code> function serves as the entry point for the program execution. It provides a menu-driven interface to the user, enabling them to choose from operations like inserting, deleting, displaying, or exiting the queue program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>createQueue</code> function dynamically allocates memory for a new queue structure and initializes its front and rear pointers to <code>NULL</code>, effectively preparing it for operations like enqueueing and dequeueing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>enqueue</code> function adds a node containing the provided <code>data</code> value to the rear end of the queue. It handles both cases: adding to an empty queue and inserting into an existing queue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>displayQueue</code> function iterates through the elements of the queue and prints the data of each node to the console. If the queue is empty, an appropriate message is printed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>main</code> function serves as the entry point for the program execution. It provides a menu-driven interface to the user, enabling them to choose from operations like inserting, deleting, displaying, or exiting the queue program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>createQueue</code> function dynamically allocates memory for a new queue structure, using the <code>malloc</code> function. It then initializes the front and rear pointers of the queue to NULL, indicating an empty queue. The function finally returns a pointer to the newly created queue structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>enqueue</code> function adds a new node with the given <code>value</code> to the rear of the circular queue. It first checks if the queue is empty. If it is, both the <code>front</code> and <code>rear</code> pointers are set to the newly created node. If the queue is not empty, the <code>next</code> pointer of the current <code>rear</code> node is set to the newly created node, and the <code>rear</code> pointer is updated to point to the new node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>dequeue</code> function removes the node at the front of the circular queue and returns the removed node's data. If the queue is empty, it prints an error message and returns -1. Otherwise, it updates the <code>front</code> pointer to the next node in the queue and adjusts the <code>rear</code> pointer and the <code>next</code> pointer of the previous <code>rear</code> node if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>displayQueue</code> function prints the data of all nodes in the circular queue. It does this by traversing the queue, starting from the <code>front</code> node and moving through each node's <code>next</code> pointer until it reaches the <code>front</code> node again. If the queue is empty, it prints a message indicating that the queue is empty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>createNode</code> function allocates memory for a new node structure using dynamic allocation. It initializes the <code>data</code> and <code>priority</code> fields of the new node with the provided values and sets the <code>next</code> field to NULL. The function then returns a pointer to this newly created node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The <code>displayQueue</code> function iterates through all the nodes of a priority queue and displays each node's data and its corresponding priority. It does this by traversing the queue, starting from the head node and following the <code>next</code> pointer until reaching the end of the queue. If the queue is empty, it displays a message indicating the empty state of the queue.</p> Signup and view all the answers