Data Structures: Stacks and Notations

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Questions and Answers

Using the described algorithm, what is the postfix notation for the infix expression $A + B * C - D / E$?

  • AB+C*DE/-
  • ABC+*DE/-
  • AB*C+DE/-
  • ABC*+DE/- (correct)

Given the postfix expression $5\ 2\ +\ 8\ 3\ - *$, what is the result of its evaluation?

  • 14
  • 7
  • 25
  • 35 (correct)

Which of the following infix expressions is correctly represented by the postfix expression $AB+C*D-$?

  • (A + B) * C - D (correct)
  • A + (B * C - D)
  • A + B * (C - D)
  • A + B * C - D

What is the stack content just before processing 'F' in the infix expression conversion to postfix for $(A+B/C*(D+E)-F)$?

<p>(- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding infix, prefix, and postfix notations is most accurate?

<p>Prefix notation requires no parentheses to define the order of operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the postfix equivalent of the infix expression $(A + B) * (C + D)$?

<p>AB+CD+* (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given an empty stack, trace the stack operations while converting $A+B+C+D$ to postfix. What does the stack contain just before processing 'C'?

<ul> <li>(A)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Using the example conversion, determine the postfix equivalent for infix: $(A+B*C)/(D-E-F)$?

<p>ABC*+DEF--/ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the stack contains * while converting A*B+C*D to postfix, what are the inputs that caused * to be on the stack?

<p>A, *, B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final evaluated output of the postfix expression $10\ 6\ 2\ /\ *\ 9\ 10\ +\ * \ + \ 12\ -$?

<p>178 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the expression abc-+de-+, which of the following represents the correct evaluation steps using a stack?

<p>Push a, b, c; Pop c, b; Apply -; Push result; Push d, e; Pop e, d; Apply -; Push result; Pop both results; Apply +; Push final result. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix expression for the infix expression $A+B*C+D$?

<p>$++A*BCD$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting the infix expression K+L-M*N+(O^P)*W/U/V*T+Q to prefix using a stack, what is the state of the stack when processing the character 'W'?

<p>+-*/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the prefix expression *+AB+CD, what is its equivalent infix expression?

<p>(A+B)*(C+D) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are evaluating the prefix expression +9*26. What are the intermediate steps?

<p>Evaluate 2*6=12, evaluate 9+12=21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting (A+B)*(C+D) to prefix notation, which of the following is a step along the way?

<p>Converting A+B to +AB and C+D to +CD, then combining as *+AB+CD (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the stack contents after processing 'B' and then '+' when converting 'A+B*C' to prefix?

<p>Stack contains '+' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between number of operands with number of operators while converting from infix to postfix?

<p>Operands are always one more than operators. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an expression contains characters instead of numerical values what is the final output when it is fully evaluated using stack?

<p>The expression will result in a string representing the equivalent expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix form of (D+C)*(B+A)?

<p>*+DC+BA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Operator

A symbol that denotes operations on operands, e.g., +, -.

Operand

An entity on which an operation is performed, e.g., numbers or variables.

Stack

A data structure that follows Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.

Infix Expression

An expression where the operator is between the operands, e.g., A + B.

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Prefix Expression

An expression where the operator precedes the operands, e.g., + A B.

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Converting Infix to Prefix

The process of rearranging an infix expression to prefix format using a stack.

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Evaluation of Prefix

The process of calculating the value of a prefix expression.

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Postfix Expression

An expression where the operator follows the operands, e.g., A B +.

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Symbol Stack State

The current contents of the stack during conversion or evaluation steps.

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Operator Precedence

The rules that define the order in which operators are evaluated.

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Infix Notation

A notation where operators are placed between operands (e.g., A + B).

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Postfix Notation

A notation where operators follow their operands (e.g., AB+).

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Prefix Notation

A notation where operators precede their operands (e.g., +AB).

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Infix to Postfix Conversion

The process of transforming an infix expression to postfix format.

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Postfix Evaluation

The method of calculating the result of postfix expressions using a stack.

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Expression

A combination of operands and operators that represents a value.

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Postfix to Infix Conversion

The process of transforming a postfix expression back to infix format.

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Study Notes

Stack

  • A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle.
  • Elements are added (pushed) and removed (popped) from the top of the stack.

Prefix, Infix, and Postfix Notation

  • Infix notation: Operators are placed between operands (e.g., A + B). Standard mathematical notation.
  • Prefix notation: Operators are placed before operands (e.g., +AB). Useful for algorithms where order of operations is essential.
  • Postfix notation: Operators are placed after operands (e.g., AB+). Efficient for evaluation without parentheses.

Infix to Postfix Conversion

  • A process of converting an expression in infix notation to postfix notation.
  • Uses a stack to manage operators.

Postfix Evaluation

  • A method of evaluating expressions in postfix notation.
  • Operands are pushed onto the stack.
  • When an operator is encountered, the top two operands are popped, the operation is performed, and the result is pushed back onto the stack.
  • This process continues until a single result remains on the stack, which is the final answer.

Postfix to Infix Conversion

  • A process of converting an expression from postfix to infix.
  • Uses a stack to hold operands and intermediate results.

Prefix to Infix Conversion

  • A process of converting an expression from prefix to infix.
  • Uses a stack in a similar manner as converting from postfix to infix.

Evaluation Prefix

  • A method for evaluating expressions written in prefix notation.
  • Elements are read from right to left.
  • Operands are pushed onto the stack.
  • When an operator is encountered, the top two operands are popped, the operation is performed, and the result is pushed back onto the stack.
  • This process continues until a single result remains on the stack, which is the final answer.

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