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Questions and Answers
What are some disadvantages of using primary source data?
What are some disadvantages of using primary source data?
What are some examples of secondary sources?
What are some examples of secondary sources?
What are the advantages of using secondary data?
What are the advantages of using secondary data?
What are some examples of data sources?
What are some examples of data sources?
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What are the advantages of using direct observation as a data collection method?
What are the advantages of using direct observation as a data collection method?
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What are some disadvantages of using direct observation as a data collection method?
What are some disadvantages of using direct observation as a data collection method?
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What are the advantages of using interviews as a data collection method?
What are the advantages of using interviews as a data collection method?
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What are some disadvantages of using interviews as a data collection method?
What are some disadvantages of using interviews as a data collection method?
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What are some advantages of using telephone interviews as a data collection method?
What are some advantages of using telephone interviews as a data collection method?
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What are some advantages of using questionnaires as a data collection method?
What are some advantages of using questionnaires as a data collection method?
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Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the average time that people spend traveling to work?
Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the average time that people spend traveling to work?
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Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the average time that students spend studying in a week?
Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the average time that students spend studying in a week?
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Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the number of visitors to a restaurant in a day?
Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the number of visitors to a restaurant in a day?
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Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the lifetimes of different brands of batteries?
Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about the lifetimes of different brands of batteries?
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Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about a new piece of equipment or technique that has never been used before?
Which data collection method would be most suitable for collecting data about a new piece of equipment or technique that has never been used before?
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What are the characteristics of a good question in a questionnaire?
What are the characteristics of a good question in a questionnaire?
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What are the reasons why it is important to avoid leading questions in a questionnaire?
What are the reasons why it is important to avoid leading questions in a questionnaire?
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What are the reasons why it is important to avoid double negative questions in a questionnaire?
What are the reasons why it is important to avoid double negative questions in a questionnaire?
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What are the reasons why it is important to avoid personal questions in a questionnaire?
What are the reasons why it is important to avoid personal questions in a questionnaire?
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What are the reasons why it is important to avoid questions that require calculations or memory recall in a questionnaire?
What are the reasons why it is important to avoid questions that require calculations or memory recall in a questionnaire?
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What are the reasons why it is important to avoid questions with predictable responses in a questionnaire?
What are the reasons why it is important to avoid questions with predictable responses in a questionnaire?
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What are the three main features of a good questionnaire design?
What are the three main features of a good questionnaire design?
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The main difference between a population and a sample is that a population includes all objects of interest, while a sample only includes a portion of the objects of interest.
The main difference between a population and a sample is that a population includes all objects of interest, while a sample only includes a portion of the objects of interest.
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Which sampling method is the most likely to produce a sample that is representative of the population?
Which sampling method is the most likely to produce a sample that is representative of the population?
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In simple random sampling each sampling unit has a specific and usually equal probability of being chosen.
In simple random sampling each sampling unit has a specific and usually equal probability of being chosen.
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What are the disadvantages of using non-probability sampling methods?
What are the disadvantages of using non-probability sampling methods?
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Judgment sampling is often used in situations where it is important to select a sample based on professional judgment.
Judgment sampling is often used in situations where it is important to select a sample based on professional judgment.
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Quota sampling is often used in situations where it is important to ensure that the sample is representative of the population in terms of certain key characteristics, such as age, gender, or ethnicity.
Quota sampling is often used in situations where it is important to ensure that the sample is representative of the population in terms of certain key characteristics, such as age, gender, or ethnicity.
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Study Notes
Data Sources
- Primary data is collected firsthand for a specific statistical inquiry, like a government census.
- Secondary data is used for purposes other than its original collection, such as a company using government statistics to project growth.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data
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Advantages*
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Quick, convenient, and less costly
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Access to otherwise unavailable data sources
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Ready to use
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Provides a broader timeframe for research, encompassing past data.
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Disadvantages*
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Collected for different purposes, potentially violating privacy regulations.
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May not fit the survey's specific purpose.
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Information might be outdated.
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Unknown or biased sources of error.
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Limitations in representativeness and validity of data.
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Potential limitations in documents
Examples of Data Sources
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Primary Sources*
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Questionnaires
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Interviews
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Focus group interviews
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Observations
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Case studies
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Portfolios
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Experiments
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Secondary Sources*
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Published statistics (official, digests, and abstracts)
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Electronic sources (search engines)
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Documents (e.g., company reports, personal diaries)
Data Collection Methods
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Direct Observation*
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Counting cars passing through a tunnel
Advantages of Telephone Interviews
- Relatively inexpensive
- Quick
- Wide geographic reach
- High response rate
- Spontaneous responses
- Can provide help to the respondent.
Disadvantages of Telephone Interviews
- Repeat calls may be necessary to reach someone
- Requires straightforward questions
- Limited use of visual aids
- Can be irritating for respondents
- Easy to be refused
Questionnaire Advantages
- Can be used in multiple ways (interviews, surveys)
- Wide geographic reach
- Relatively inexpensive
- Avoids respondent embarrassment
- No prior arrangements are required
- Allows the respondent more time to answer
Questionnaire Disadvantages
- Questions need to be relatively simple
- Potentially difficult to design initially and require many edits
Features of a Good Questionnaire
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Avoid long questions
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Avoid questions asking multiple things
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Avoid ambiguous terms
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Avoid leading questions
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Avoid personal questions
Questionnaire Layout
- Good readability of the layout is key
- Clear instructions are important
- Questions should be numbered and organised well
- Include background information and purpose of the survey.
Population and Sample
- Population: all subjects sharing a common characteristic.
- Sample: A subgroup of the population.
Sampling Methods
- Probability sampling: each unit has a known probability of selection (simple, stratified, and systematic).
- Non-probability sampling: selection is based on convenience or judgment (quota and judgment sampling).
Probability Sampling Methods
- Simple random sampling: every unit has an equal chance of selection.
- Systematic sampling: selecting every kth unit from a population.
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Description
This quiz explores the differences between primary and secondary data sources, including their advantages and disadvantages. Participants will learn about various methods for data collection and how secondary data can impact research outcomes. Test your understanding of these concepts and their relevance in statistical inquiries.
