Data replication + Migration

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Questions and Answers

What two factors are primarily considered when deciding between different migration options?

  • Storage capacity and cost
  • Data security and regulatory compliance
  • Data size and network bandwidth (correct)
  • Data format and compatibility

How long would it take to transfer 1 TB of data over a 100 Mbps network?

  • 2 minutes
  • 30 hours (correct)
  • 2 days
  • 1 week

Which migration service is recommended for smaller datasets?

  • Storage Transfer Appliance
  • gcloud storage command (correct)
  • Cloud Storage Transfer Service
  • Datastream

What is the primary function of the "gcloud storage cp" command?

<p>Copying data from on-premises sources to Cloud Storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which on-premises data storage system is mentioned as a potential source for data migration using the "gcloud storage" command?

<p>HDFS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the "gcloud storage" command for data migration?

<p>Simplicity and ease of use for smaller to medium-sized transfers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of using the "gcloud storage" command for data migration?

<p>Inability to handle large datasets efficiently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data formats can Datastream process changes into for storage?

<p>AVRO or JSON (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Datastream event message provides information about the source table and timestamps?

<p>Generic metadata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the payload of a Datastream event message, what do the key-value pairs represent?

<p>Column names and their corresponding values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does Datastream read a record, as indicated in the event message?

<p>At the read timestamp indicated in the message (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'source_timestamp' in a Datastream event message indicate?

<p>When the record changed on the source (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use case for Transfer Appliance?

<p>Moving massive datasets offline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which database types can Datastream replicate into Google Cloud?

<p>Relational databases only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What flexibility does Datastream offer in terms of data replication?

<p>Ability to selectively replicate at schema, table, or column level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connectivity options does Datastream provide?

<p>Public and private connectivity options (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of change data capture in Datastream?

<p>To replicate historical data and new changes selectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after you transfer your data onto a Transfer Appliance?

<p>You ship it back to Google for processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an organization choose to use Transfer Appliance?

<p>When dealing with massive datasets or limited bandwidth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What destinations does Datastream support for data landing?

<p>Cloud Storage or BigQuery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a capability of Datastream?

<p>Datastream allows for event-driven data processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does Datastream utilize to capture data changes from source databases?

<p>The source database's write-ahead log (WAL). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which databases utilize specific logging mechanisms compatible with Datastream?

<p>SQL Server relies on transaction logs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Datastream, what is the primary role of Dataflow?

<p>To process data before loading it into BigQuery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data format is NOT mentioned as a possible output for event storage in Datastream?

<p>XML (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of architecture does Datastream enable for processing data?

<p>Event-driven architecture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant use case for Datastream?

<p>Real-time data replication to BigQuery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes data processing prior to loading into BigQuery via Datastream?

<p>Custom processing is done through Dataflow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Storage Transfer Service?

<p>To migrate large datasets into Cloud Storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following storage solutions is NOT mentioned as a supported source for Storage Transfer Service?

<p>Google Drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using Storage Transfer Service for data migration?

<p>It allows for scheduled transfers for convenience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method through which Transfer Appliance operates?

<p>By sending hardware to the data center for offline data transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the data transfer speed supported by Storage Transfer Service?

<p>Up to several tens of Gbps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environments can Storage Transfer Service work with?

<p>Multicloud and on-premises environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics apply specifically to Transfer Appliance?

<p>Utilizes Google-owned hardware for offline transfers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data sources can be used with Transfer Appliance?

<p>On-premises file systems and HDFS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Datastream for data replication?

<p>It provides continuous, online replication of structured data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is best suited for transferring more than 1 TB of data online?

<p>Storage Transfer Service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Datastream ensure data type consistency during replication?

<p>By representing data consistently as decimal during replication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the transfer type associated with the Transfer Appliance?

<p>It is best suited for offline data migrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitations does Datastream have regarding data transfer?

<p>It cannot handle more than 10,000 tables per stream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for smaller, online data transfers?

<p>gcloud storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended data range for using Transfer Appliance?

<p>7 TB, 40 TB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data formats can be used with the Storage Transfer Service?

<p>Any data format. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Migration options

Choosing methods to transfer data based on size and bandwidth.

Data transfer time

Time taken to transfer 1 TB varies with network speed.

gcloud storage command

Command to transfer small to medium datasets to Cloud Storage.

Small datasets

Typically transferred using gcloud storage or Storage Transfer Service.

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Large datasets

Best transferred using offline tools like Transfer Appliance.

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HDFS

File storage system suitable for large data management.

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On-premises data sources

Where data originates before being transferred to cloud.

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Cloud Storage

Google's storage service where data is stored in the Cloud.

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Storage Transfer Service

A service to efficiently transfer large datasets to Google Cloud from various sources.

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Supported Sources

Sources include on-premises file systems, Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storage, and HDFS.

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Transfer Speed

Storage Transfer Service can achieve speeds up to several tens of Gbps.

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Scheduled Transfers

Allows you to set specific times for data migration.

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Transfer Appliance

A physical device used to move large amounts of data offline to Google Cloud.

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Offline Mode

Transfer Appliance operates without needing an internet connection.

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Google-Owned Hardware

Transfer Appliance is hardware provided by Google to facilitate data transfers.

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Datastream

A service for near real-time data replication and transformation.

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Event messages

Data packets containing metadata and actual changes.

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Payload

The section of a message that contains key-value pairs of data changes.

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Generic metadata

Contextual information about the data, like timestamps and source.

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Structured formats

Standard data formats like AVRO or JSON for storing data.

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Limited Bandwidth

A restriction on the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network.

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Replication

The process of copying data from one location to another.

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Change Data Capture

Capturing changes in a database for replication without moving all data.

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Historical Backfill

The process of populating data with past records in data replication.

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Connectivity Options

Different methods to connect to the data source during replication.

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Selective Replication

The ability to choose specific data elements (schema, table, column) to replicate.

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Data type consistency

Uniform representation of data types during replication across systems.

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Data migration options

Various methods to transfer data based on criteria like size and transfer type.

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Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

Google's managed database service for PostgreSQL databases.

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Batch and streaming velocities

Types of data transfer rates; batches are scheduled, streams are continuous.

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Source locations

The origin points from where data is transferred to Google Cloud.

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BigQuery

A data warehouse for analyzing large datasets quickly.

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Event-driven architecture

A software architecture pattern reacting to events.

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WAL (Write-Ahead Log)

A logging mechanism for processing changes in databases.

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Change Data Capture (CDC)

A technique to identify and track changes in a database.

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Dataflow

A cloud service for processing and transforming data.

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Event Processing

The handling and storage of events in a system.

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Study Notes

Google Cloud Data Replication and Migration

  • Google Cloud provides a suite of tools for data replication and migration
  • Key tools include:
    • gcloud storage command-line tool for smaller, online transfers
    • Storage Transfer Service for larger, online transfers
    • Transfer Appliance for massive offline migrations
    • Datastream for continuous, online replication of structured data (supports batch and streaming)

Data Replication and Migration Architecture

  • The module reviews the baseline Google Cloud data replication and migration architecture.
  • It covers the options and use cases for the gcloud command-line tool.
  • The functionality and use cases for Storage Transfer Service are explained.
  • Functionality and use cases for the Transfer Appliance are described in detail.
  • Features and deployment of Datastream are also examined.

Data Migration Scenarios

  • Data can originate from on-premises or multicloud environments (file systems, object stores, HDFS, Relational Databases).
  • Google Cloud offers one-off transfers, scheduled replications, and change data capture.
  • Data is ultimately landed in Cloud Storage or BigQuery.

Datastream Use Cases

  • Datastream use cases include analytics with database replication into BigQuery and analytics with custom data processing.
  • Datastream supports data processing using an event-driven architecture.
  • Example of Datastream use: database replication and migration using Dataflow templates

Datastream Process

  • Datastream uses the database's write-ahead log (WAL) to capture and process changes for propagation downstream.
  • Datastream supports different logging mechanisms for various databases, including LogMiner for Oracle, binary log for MySQL, logical decoding for PostgreSQL and transaction logs for SQL Server.
  • Changes are transformed into structured formats (AVRO, JSON) to be stored in Google Cloud.

Datastream Data Types

  • Datastream uses unified data types to map source to destination data types, for example, Number (Oracle) to Decimal (Datastream)
  • Datastream ensures consistent data types during replication across various database systems.
  • Data types are consistently represented for different databases during replication, enabling smooth integration into destination databases such as BigQuery.

Choosing Migration Options

  • The ease of migrating data depends heavily on data size and network bandwidth.
  • For smaller data sets, "gcloud storage" or Storage Transfer Service are suitable

Lab: Datastream: PostgreSQL Replication to BigQuery

  • The lab guides students on using Datastream to replicate data from PostgreSQL to BigQuery.
  • Steps include preparing a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance, importing data, setting up Datastream connection profiles, creating a Datastream stream, initiating replication, and lastly validating replication in BigQuery.

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Data Replication and Migration PDF

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