Data Replication and Migration Tools

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Questions and Answers

Event messages contain ______-specific metadata.

source

The ______ metadata field indicates whether a row has been deleted.

is_deleted

Datastream uses ______ types to map source to destination data types.

unified

The ______ data type in Oracle maps to DECIMAL in Datastream.

<p>NUMBER</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ field in source-specific metadata identifies the table associated with the event.

<p>table</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ field in source-specific metadata indicates the type of DML operation, such as INSERT.

<p>change_type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream event messages also include source-specific metadata in addition to generic metadata and ______.

<p>payload</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream simplifies data replication by using ______ data types to map between different source and destination databases.

<p>unified</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream processes change events such as inserts, updates, and ______.

<p>deletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Event messages are transformed into structured formats like AVRO or ______.

<p>JSON</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream event messages consist of generic metadata and ______.

<p>payload</p> Signup and view all the answers

The source timestamp indicates when the record changed on the ______.

<p>source</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metadata in event messages provides context about the data, such as table name and ______.

<p>timestamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

You learn to explain the baseline Google Cloud data replication and ______ architecture.

<p>migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

The options and use cases for the ______ command line tool are important for data management.

<p>gcloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Transfer Service is used for transferring data efficiently into Google Cloud.

<p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transfer ______ is a tool that focuses on moving large amounts of data to Google Cloud.

<p>Appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream involves features like change data ______.

<p>capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

The replicate and migrate stage of a data pipeline focuses on bringing data from ______ or internal systems into Google Cloud.

<p>external</p> Signup and view all the answers

Google Cloud provides a comprehensive suite of tools to migrate and ______ your data.

<p>replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can transform the data as needed before finally ______ it within Google Cloud.

<p>storing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Transfer Service efficiently moves large datasets from on-premises.

<p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Storage Transfer Service supports object stores including Amazon S3 and ______ Blob Storage.

<p>Azure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Storage Transfer Service can achieve speeds of up to several tens of ______ per second.

<p>Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

For larger dataset transfers, the ______ capabilities of Storage Transfer Service are beneficial.

<p>scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Appliance is used for moving large amounts of data in offline mode.

<p>Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Google-owned hardware is sent to your data center using the Transfer ______.

<p>Appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can transfer data onto an appliance and then ______ it back to Google.

<p>ship</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Storage Transfer Service can move data from file systems, object stores, and ______.

<p>HDFS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data can originate from on-premises or ______ environments.

<p>multicloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data can be transferred using one-off transfers, scheduled ______, and change data capture.

<p>replications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cloud Storage and ______ are common destinations for ingested data.

<p>BigQuery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Google Cloud offers the Database Migration Service for seamless transitions from Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and ______.

<p>SQL Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

For complex migrations, use ______ tools like Dataflow.

<p>ETL</p> Signup and view all the answers

The target destination for data can be Cloud SQL, AlloyDB, or ______.

<p>BigQuery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common data sources include file systems, object stores, HDFS, and ______.

<p>RDBMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ provides additional options for migrating workloads seamlessly.

<p>Database Migration Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transfer Appliance is Google's solution for moving massive datasets ______.

<p>offline</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Transfer Appliance comes in multiple sizes to suit your ______.

<p>needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream continuously replicates your RDBMS into Google Cloud for ______.

<p>analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream enables continuous replication of your on-premises or ______ relational databases.

<p>multicloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

Datastream offers change data capture options for historical ______ or allows you to just propagate new changes.

<p>backfill</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data from Datastream can land in Cloud Storage or ______ for analytics.

<p>BigQuery</p> Signup and view all the answers

With Datastream, you have flexibility in ______ options.

<p>connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can selectively replicate data at the schema, table, or ______ level.

<p>column</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Data Replication Architecture

The framework for duplicating data from one location to another within Google Cloud.

Data Migration Architecture

The system and practices for moving data into Google Cloud.

gcloud Command Line Tool

A command-line interface for managing Google Cloud resources and services.

Storage Transfer Service

A service for transferring data between Google Cloud Storage and other locations.

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Transfer Appliance

A hardware device used for online/offline data transfer to Google Cloud.

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Datastream

A service for change data capture and stream processing in real time.

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Change Data Capture

Technique that identifies and captures changes made to data.

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Data Pipeline

The stages focused on replicating, ingesting, transforming, and storing data.

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Limited Bandwidth

A scenario where data transfer speed is constrained.

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Replication

The process of duplicating data from one location to another.

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Historical Backfill

The process of transferring historical data during replication.

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BigQuery

A Google Cloud service for large-scale data analysis.

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Selective Replication

The ability to choose specific data to replicate.

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Event Messages

Messages that contain data change events with metadata and payload.

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Generic Metadata

Contextual information about the event, such as source and timestamps.

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Payload

The actual data changes expressed in key-value pairs.

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AVRO and JSON Formats

Structured formats used for storing data in Google Cloud.

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Near Real-Time Data Replication

Process of quickly duplicating data to support analytics.

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Data Transfer Speed

The speed at which data can be moved; Storage Transfer Service supports speeds up to tens of Gbps.

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Scheduled Transfers

Feature in Storage Transfer Service allowing transfers to be set at specific times.

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On-premises Data

Data that resides within a physical location or infrastructure owned by an organization.

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Multicloud File Systems

File systems that span multiple cloud service providers, allowing for data flexibility.

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HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)

A distributed file system designed to run on commodity hardware, suitable for large data operations.

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Object Store

A storage architecture that manages data as objects, commonly used for unstructured data.

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Data Ingestion Options

Methods to transfer data into Google Cloud, including one-off transfers and scheduled replications.

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One-off Transfer

A one-time movement of data to Google Cloud without recurring updates.

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Scheduled Replication

Regularly copying data from on-premises or multicloud to Google Cloud.

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Database Migration Service

A Google Cloud service for transitioning databases such as Oracle and MySQL.

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ETL Tools

Tools like Dataflow used for extracting, transforming, and loading data into Google Cloud.

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Target Destination

Where the data resides after migration, like Cloud SQL or BigQuery.

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Data Storage Options

Places where data can be stored in Google Cloud, such as Cloud Storage and BigQuery.

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Source-specific metadata

Metadata that describes data origin and context, such as database and schema information.

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Change type

The type of data modification made, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.

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Database name

The name of the specific database associated with the event message.

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Schema

The structure that defines the organization of data within a database, including tables and their relationships.

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Table

A collection of related data entries in the schema, structured in rows and columns.

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Unified data types

Standardized data types used to simplify mappings between different database systems during replication.

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Data lineage

The history of the data's journey from its origin to its destination, illustrating how it has changed over time.

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Study Notes

Data Replication and Migration

  • Google Cloud offers various tools for data replication and migration:
    • gcloud storage command: For small to medium-sized transfers, executing on an as-needed basis. Data can originate from file systems, object stores, or HDFS.
    • Storage Transfer Service: Efficient for large online transfers from on-premises, multicloud file systems, object stores, and HDFS to Cloud Storage. Supports high transfer speeds (up to tens of Gbps) and scheduled transfers.
    • Transfer Appliance: A Google-owned hardware solution for massive offline dataset transfers. Ideal for scenarios with limited bandwidth or transfers with large volumes. Comes in various sizes.
    • Datastream: Enables continuous replication of on-premises or multicloud relational databases (like Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server) to Google Cloud. Supports historical backfills and new changes only as change data capture options. Data lands in Cloud Storage or BigQuery. Flexible connectivity options and allows selectively replicating data at the schema, table, or column level.
  • Choosing the right tool: The optimal choice depends on data size and network bandwidth. Smaller datasets are best suited for the "gcloud storage" command or Storage Transfer Service, larger, offline transfers are suitable for the Transfer Appliance and continuous replication is handled effectively by Datastream.

Data Transfer Options

  • On-premises, multicloud sources: Data can originate from file systems, object stores, HDFS, and relational databases.
  • Google Cloud destinations (for replication and migration): Cloud Storage, BigQuery, Cloud SQL, and AlloyDB.
  • Data formats: Data can be in a variety of formats (ex. CSV, JSON) and can be transformed during migration.

Specific Use Cases

  • Replication to BigQuery: Datastream can replicate data from PostgreSQL to BigQuery for analytics.

  • Data processing in Dataflow: Datastream supports custom data processing using Dataflow for analytics, enabling event-driven architectures.

  • Unified Data Types: Datastream maps various source database data types (like Oracle's NUMBER, MySQL's DECIMAL, PostgreSQL's NUMERIC, SQL Server's DECIMAL) consistently to a decimal destination type within Google Cloud (ex. BigQuery) ensuring data type consistency.

  • Real-time Replication: Datastream leverages the database's write-ahead log (WAL) to process change events (inserts, updates, deletes), enabling near real-time data replication for analysis and other purposes.

  • Event messages: Event messages in Datastream contain generic metadata (like timestamps, source table) and a payload (the actual data changes in key-value format representing the columns). This allows efficient replication and change tracking. Source-specific metadata is also included to provide context about the data's origin.

Migration Considerations

  • Data Size: gcloud storage and Storage Transfer Service are suitable for transferring smaller amounts of data online while Transfer Appliance and Datastream are better options for larger datasets.
  • Online vs. Offline: Datastream and Storage Transfer Service are online options; Transfer Appliance is offline.
  • Velocity: Datastream can handle both batch and streaming velocities when replicating data.
  • Data Format: Data can be transferred in various formats (ex. AVRO, JSON), and Datastream accommodates transformations for compatibility with different databases.

Lab: Datastream Replication to BigQuery

  • This lab focuses on replicating data from PostgreSQL to BigQuery using Datastream.
  • Steps include preparing the PostgreSQL instance, importing data, creating Datastream connection profiles for the source and target, creating a Datastream stream and starting replication, and validating data replication in BigQuery.

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