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Questions and Answers
What does a byte consist of?
How is data organized to transform into useful information?
What is the primary role of data in an organization?
What term describes a collection of integrated and related files?
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Which level includes a collection of related fields?
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In the hierarchy of data, which is placed above a field?
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What characterizes a field in data terminology?
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What level follows a record in the data hierarchy?
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What is defined as a characteristic of an entity?
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Which term refers to a person, place, or thing for which data is collected?
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What uniquely identifies a record in a database?
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How does the database approach differ from the traditional approach to data management?
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Which component is essential for the effective use of the database approach?
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What specifically refers to the actual value of an attribute?
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In the traditional approach, how are data files typically managed?
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Which option best describes the benefit of the database approach?
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What is another term commonly used for data cleansing?
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Which of the following best describes the goal of data cleansing?
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What is a potential downside of performing data cleansing?
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How does data cleansing differ from data validation?
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What type of records does data cleansing target?
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Which of the following statements is true about data validation?
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Why can data cleansing be considered a significant process in database management?
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What happens to records identified as bad data during data validation?
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What is the primary responsibility of a service provider in a Database as a Service (DaaS) model?
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Which statement best describes a front-end application in the context of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
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Which of the following is an example of Database as a Service (DaaS)?
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How do back-end applications function within a Database Management System?
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Which of the following features distinguishes DaaS from traditional database hosting?
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What role does the Library of Congress (LOC) play in utilizing back-end applications?
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In a DaaS model, where is the database physically located?
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What is a key characteristic of DBMSs acting as front-end applications?
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What is one main challenge of managing big data?
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What best describes a data warehouse?
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What is the ETL process?
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How does a data mart differ from a data warehouse?
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Which statement accurately describes a data lake?
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What is one way big data can derive value?
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What factor must be considered for data protection in big data management?
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Which characteristic applies to a data lake?
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Study Notes
Data Fundamentals
- Businesses rely on data and its processing for most operations.
- Raw facts make up data.
- To become useful information, data needs to be organized meaningfully.
Hierarchy of Data
- Bits represent on or off circuits.
- A byte is composed of eight bits and signifies a character.
- Fields describe an aspect of a business or activity through names, numbers, or character combinations.
- A group of related data fields forms a record.
- Files are collections of related records.
- A database integrates and combines related files.
- The hierarchy of data arranges elements from smallest to largest: bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases.
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
- Entities encompass people, places, or things for which data is stored, maintained, and collected.
- Attributes are characteristics of entities.
- Data items represent the specific attribute value.
- Primary keys uniquely identify records through a field or set of them.
The Database Approach
- Traditional data management assigns separate data files to each operational system.
- The database approach uses a shared pool of related data across information systems.
- This allows for data and information resource sharing.
- A database management system (DBMS) is necessary for managing data.
Manipulating Data
- Data manipulation involves tasks like retrieving, updating, adding, and deleting data.
- Users interact with DBMSs through a query language.
Data Cleansing
- Data cleansing (also known as data cleaning or scrubbing) identifies and corrects or removes incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, or irrelevant database records.
- The process can be costly.
- Data cleansing differs from data validation, which rejects "bad data" upon entry.
Popular Database Management Systems
- Commonly used DBMSs include Oracle, DB2, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.
- Some DBMSs specialize in specific applications.
Database as a Service (DaaS)
- DaaS stores databases on service providers' servers.
- Access happens through a network, frequently the internet.
- Database administration is handled by the provider.
- Examples include Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS).
Using Databases with Other Software
- DBMSs can serve as front-end or back-end applications.
- Front-end applications handle user interactions.
- Back-end applications interact with other programs or applications.
- An example is the Library of Congress (LOC) that provides a back-end application for web access to its databases.
Challenges of Big Data
- Determining which subset of data to store.
- Selecting storage locations and methods.
- Identifying relevant data nuggets for decision-making.
- Extracting value from relevant data.
- Protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access.
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Lakes
- Data warehouses store vast business information from various enterprise sources to support managerial decision-making.
- The ETL process involves extracting, transforming, and loading data.
- Data marts are subsets of data warehouses used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments in larger companies to support decision-making.
- Data marts can have more detailed data than the warehouse in specific areas.
- Data lakes adopt a "store everything" approach to big data, saving raw and unaltered data.
- They are also known as enterprise data hubs.
- Raw data is accessible when users decide how to utilize it.
- Extraction from the data lake occurs only upon data access for a specific analysis.
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Description
Test your understanding of data fundamentals, including the hierarchy of data and the concepts of entities, attributes, and keys. This quiz covers important definitions and relationships in the context of data management and organization. Perfect for students learning about data systems in business applications.