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Questions and Answers
What device is typically used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs)?
Which generation of cellular networks is currently available in the market?
In what settings are sensor networks primarily found?
What do mainframe computers typically support in a business environment?
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Which type of network connects resources that reside ‘in the cloud’?
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What is data communications primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of network topology?
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What component is essential for a computer to connect to a network?
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What type of network typically spans a city-sized area?
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Which data code allows for a large number of languages and character sets?
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Which device acts as a bridge between a LAN and the Internet?
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Which of the following best describes a Personal Area Network?
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Which is NOT a component of a data communication system?
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Which of the following network types is designed for a relatively small geographic area?
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What is cloud computing primarily used for?
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Study Notes
Data Communications
- Data communications involve the transfer of digital or analog data using digital or analog signals
- Components of a data communication system include data representation, direction of data flow, and the physical medium
Five Components of Data Communication System
- These components are:
- Sender: The device sending the data.
- Receiver: The device receiving the data.
- Transmission Medium: The physical channel (e.g., cable, wireless) through which data travels between sender and receiver.
- Protocol: A set of rules that govern the communication process (how data is formatted, transmitted, and received).
- Data: The information being transmitted.
Types of Information
- Data can be categorized into:
- Audio
- Textual
- Image
- Video
Data Codes
- Each textual character or symbol is represented by a corresponding binary pattern, forming a data code (character set).
- ASCII and Unicode are two common data codes.
ASCII
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) has a limited number of characters and is used for English and some Western European languages.
Unicode
- Unicode uses 8/16 bits per character, supporting a broader range of languages and character sets, including those with complex scripts.
- Example character representations in Unicode:
- "T": 0000 0000 0101 0100
- "r": 0000 0000 0111 0010
- "a": 0000 0000 0110 0001
Network Topology
- Network topology refers to the physical layout of a network. Topologies include:
- Bus Topology: Devices connect to a shared central cable.
- Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a closed loop.
- Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
- Mesh Topology: All devices connect directly to each other.
- Tree Topology: A hierarchical structure with a root node connecting to branches.
- Hybrid Topology: A combination of two or more topologies.
Network Language
- Personal Area Network (PAN): A network connecting devices within a few centimeters to several meters (e.g., smartphones, laptops).
- Local Area Network (LAN): A network spanning a room, floor, or building.
- Campus Area Network (CAN): A network encompassing a university or business campus, connecting multiple LANs.
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network serving an area of 1 to 50km, often covering a city.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): A large network encompassing multiple states, countries, or even the globe.
Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing utilizes a network of remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and process data.
- Networks connect resources residing "in the cloud".
The Big Picture of Networks
- Networks consist of various devices, including:
- Workstations (computers, tablets, smartphones, etc.)
- Servers
- Switches
- Routers
- Modems
The Desktop Computer and the Internet
- Desktop computers use a network interface card (NIC) to connect to a LAN via a switch and router.
- This allows them to access the Internet.
Local Area Network-to-Local Area Network
- Interconnection between two or more LANs is achieved using a bridge-like device (e.g., a switch).
Cellular Network
- Cellular networks are constantly evolving with higher speeds due to new generations like 5G.
Sensor Network
- Sensor networks are utilized in industrial and real-world settings, connecting sensors that gather data and control devices.
Industrial Sensor-based Systems
- These systems are commonly used for assembly lines, robotic control, and other industrial applications.
Mainframe Systems
- Mainframe computers handle large-scale business operations, with user interaction through computer terminals.
Satellite Networks
- Satellite networks provide wireless long-distance connections used in applications like digital satellite TV, meteorology, navigation, and maritime communication.
Cloud Networks
- Cloud networks connect to virtualized resources in the cloud, using hypervisors to create virtual machines.
- Different types of cloud networks exist:
- Public Cloud: Shared resources available to the public.
- Private Cloud: Resources dedicated solely to a specific organization.
- Hybrid Cloud: A combination of public and private cloud resources.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of data communications, including the five essential components of a communication system. Learn how data is represented, the flow of information, and the different types of data involved. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of protocols and data encoding.
