Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which method involves the researcher personally meeting or visiting the respondent?
Which method involves the researcher personally meeting or visiting the respondent?
Which of the following types of questions is characterized by guiding the respondent in their answer?
Which of the following types of questions is characterized by guiding the respondent in their answer?
What type of questionnaire allows respondents to provide answers in their own style?
What type of questionnaire allows respondents to provide answers in their own style?
What is a key advantage of using the 'Rating Scale Type' in questionnaires?
What is a key advantage of using the 'Rating Scale Type' in questionnaires?
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Which of the following questionnaire types requires respondents to select from given options rather than construct their own response?
Which of the following questionnaire types requires respondents to select from given options rather than construct their own response?
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In which method does the researcher conduct interviews over the telephone?
In which method does the researcher conduct interviews over the telephone?
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What type of question format is used when asking respondents to select multiple appliances they have at home?
What type of question format is used when asking respondents to select multiple appliances they have at home?
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What is a disadvantage of using questionnaires for data collection?
What is a disadvantage of using questionnaires for data collection?
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What is the primary characteristic of quota sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of quota sampling?
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In convenience sampling, why might a researcher choose their own students as subjects?
In convenience sampling, why might a researcher choose their own students as subjects?
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Which step is NOT included in the data collection process for statistical analysis?
Which step is NOT included in the data collection process for statistical analysis?
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For what purpose might a researcher compare the effectiveness of a new drug?
For what purpose might a researcher compare the effectiveness of a new drug?
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What is an essential aspect of defining the variable in a survey?
What is an essential aspect of defining the variable in a survey?
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What is the first step in the recommended procedure for gathering data using a questionnaire?
What is the first step in the recommended procedure for gathering data using a questionnaire?
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In which scenario is quota sampling likely most effective?
In which scenario is quota sampling likely most effective?
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What does the data measuring scheme include in the data collection process?
What does the data measuring scheme include in the data collection process?
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Which data collection method utilizes seeing, hearing, testing, touching, and smelling?
Which data collection method utilizes seeing, hearing, testing, touching, and smelling?
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What is a primary use of standard tests in psychological research?
What is a primary use of standard tests in psychological research?
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Which of the following methods is NOT commonly represented by the use of national statistics?
Which of the following methods is NOT commonly represented by the use of national statistics?
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How is the sample size determined when dealing with a large population?
How is the sample size determined when dealing with a large population?
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What is the calculated sample size for a population of 2,500 with a margin of error of 5%?
What is the calculated sample size for a population of 2,500 with a margin of error of 5%?
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Which sampling method allows all members of the population equal chances of being included in a study?
Which sampling method allows all members of the population equal chances of being included in a study?
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What should researchers consider when deciding on sample size for a study?
What should researchers consider when deciding on sample size for a study?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical device used for data collection in research?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical device used for data collection in research?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of textual data presentation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of textual data presentation?
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What component is found at the left side of a statistical table?
What component is found at the left side of a statistical table?
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Which type of graph is most suitable for showing data that changes continuously over time?
Which type of graph is most suitable for showing data that changes continuously over time?
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In a tabular presentation, which part contains the table number and title?
In a tabular presentation, which part contains the table number and title?
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What is the primary purpose of presenting data in tabular form?
What is the primary purpose of presenting data in tabular form?
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Which of the following is an example of graphical presentation?
Which of the following is an example of graphical presentation?
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What type of graph uses small identical figures for comparisons?
What type of graph uses small identical figures for comparisons?
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Which of the following correctly describes a pie chart's use?
Which of the following correctly describes a pie chart's use?
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What is the primary characteristic of stratified random sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of stratified random sampling?
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In the given example, how is the sample size determined for each Purok in stratified random sampling?
In the given example, how is the sample size determined for each Purok in stratified random sampling?
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Which sampling method involves selecting entire groups or clusters from a larger population?
Which sampling method involves selecting entire groups or clusters from a larger population?
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What is a defining feature of purposive sampling?
What is a defining feature of purposive sampling?
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How is the sample size calculated in the stratified random sampling example provided?
How is the sample size calculated in the stratified random sampling example provided?
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In the context of lottery method sampling, what role do the small pieces of paper play?
In the context of lottery method sampling, what role do the small pieces of paper play?
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What is the sample size calculated for the senior citizens in Town A if a 3% margin of error is allowed?
What is the sample size calculated for the senior citizens in Town A if a 3% margin of error is allowed?
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What is a limitation of cluster sampling?
What is a limitation of cluster sampling?
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Study Notes
Data Collection Overview
- No single best method for data gathering; it varies based on study design, data type, time constraints, and budget.
- Common methods include interviews, questionnaires, observations, tests, experiments, registration, and mechanical devices.
Interview Method
- Direct Method: Researcher conducts an in-person interview with respondents.
- Indirect Method: Uses telephone interviews to gather data.
Questionnaire Method
- Comprises a list of planned questions, administered in various forms:
- Guided-Response Type: Respondent follows specific directions for answers.
- Recall Type: Collects demographic data (age, sex, civil status).
- Dichotomous Type: Respondents answer YES/NO questions.
- Recognition Type: Respondents identify items from given options.
- Multiple Choice Type: Respondents choose from several personality descriptors.
- Multiple-Response Type: Respondents identify multiple qualifying appliances or items.
- Free-Response Type: Open-ended questions allow unrestricted responses.
- Rating Scale Type: Respondents rate issues on a scale (e.g., seriousness of problems).
Empirical Observation Method
- Essential for psychological and anthropological research, allowing data collection through sensory experiences (seeing, hearing, touching).
Test Method
- Primary tool in psychological research, utilizing standardized tests for validity and reliability (e.g., IQ tests).
Registration Method
- Data obtained from official sources like government agencies (e.g., National Statistics Office).
Mechanical Devices
- Equipment for data gathering can include cameras and microphones for social research, and X-ray machines or microscopes for medical studies.
Sampling Techniques
- Essential to establish a sample size for large populations, utilizing Slovin's formula:
- ( n = \frac{N}{1 + Ne} )
- Random Sampling: All population members have an equal chance of selection.
- Lotteries: Common method for random sampling using written names in a container.
Types of Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling: Population divided into strata, sampling each class proportionately.
- Cluster Sampling: Focuses on specific clusters (e.g., regions); all members in selected clusters are surveyed.
- Purposive Sampling: Respondents selected based on specific characteristics relevant to the study.
- Quota Sampling: Non-probability approach creating a sample that reflects specific characteristics of the population.
- Convenience Sampling: Data collected from easily accessible subjects.
Data Collection Process
- Steps include defining study objectives, identifying variables, determining data collection methods, and reviewing the process post-collection.
Procedures for Gathering Data
- Recommended steps for using questionnaires involve securing permissions, distributing the questionnaire, retrieving completed forms, and analyzing data.
Presentation of Data
- Organized into three formats for clarity and analysis:
- Textual Presentation: Descriptive paragraphs summarizing data findings.
- Tabular Presentation: Data displayed systematically in columns and rows with headings and notes.
-
Graphical Presentation: Visual representation of data with types including:
- Bar Graphs: Comparisons between groups.
- Pie Charts: Effective for showing percentages.
- Line Graphs: Illustrate trends over time.
- Pictographs: Use images to depict data quantities.
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Description
Explore various methods of data collection such as interviews, questionnaires, and observations through this quiz. Understand the distinctions between direct and indirect interviews and different types of questionnaires. Test your knowledge on the best practices and techniques for effective data gathering in research.
