Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a disadvantage of telephone surveys?
What is a disadvantage of telephone surveys?
- Nonresponse issues (correct)
- Expensive to conduct
- Inaccurate responses
- High response rate
Which method of data collection is typically the quickest?
Which method of data collection is typically the quickest?
- Mail survey
- Direct administration
- Personal interview
- Internet survey (correct)
What is a significant advantage of direct administration surveys?
What is a significant advantage of direct administration surveys?
- Anonymity for respondents
- Reduced respondent bias
- Cost-effectiveness
- Short response time (correct)
What is a limitation of using email for surveys?
What is a limitation of using email for surveys?
Which step is NOT part of data analysis in survey research?
Which step is NOT part of data analysis in survey research?
What is one of the advantages of conducting a telephone survey?
What is one of the advantages of conducting a telephone survey?
Which data collection method has the highest response rate?
Which data collection method has the highest response rate?
Which of the following data collection methods generally requires training of the questioner?
Which of the following data collection methods generally requires training of the questioner?
Which method of data collection is noted for being the lowest in comparative cost?
Which method of data collection is noted for being the lowest in comparative cost?
What is a major disadvantage of personal interviews as a data collection method?
What is a major disadvantage of personal interviews as a data collection method?
What is the first step in data analysis during survey research?
What is the first step in data analysis during survey research?
What is one example of a threat to the validity of the instrumentation process in surveys?
What is one example of a threat to the validity of the instrumentation process in surveys?
Which of the following is NOT a type of question coding mentioned in survey research?
Which of the following is NOT a type of question coding mentioned in survey research?
What should be included in the results section of a survey research report?
What should be included in the results section of a survey research report?
In the context of threats to internal validity, what does 'mortality' refer to?
In the context of threats to internal validity, what does 'mortality' refer to?
Which of the following can contribute to instrument decay during a survey?
Which of the following can contribute to instrument decay during a survey?
What is a significant issue associated with non-response in survey research?
What is a significant issue associated with non-response in survey research?
What could potentially affect participant responses due to the location of data collection?
What could potentially affect participant responses due to the location of data collection?
Which of the following is part of the interpretation step in data analysis?
Which of the following is part of the interpretation step in data analysis?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a problem in the instrumentation process in surveys?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a problem in the instrumentation process in surveys?
What type of error occurs when a sample is drawn from a population but does not include all relevant elements?
What type of error occurs when a sample is drawn from a population but does not include all relevant elements?
Which error is associated with inaccuracies in a respondent's answers?
Which error is associated with inaccuracies in a respondent's answers?
What is total nonresponse in survey research?
What is total nonresponse in survey research?
In the context of surveys, what does nonresponse error imply?
In the context of surveys, what does nonresponse error imply?
What was a contributing factor to the inaccurate predictions made by the Literary Digest in 1936?
What was a contributing factor to the inaccurate predictions made by the Literary Digest in 1936?
Which of the following is a suggested method to increase the response rate in surveys?
Which of the following is a suggested method to increase the response rate in surveys?
Which of the following can be a threat to the validity of survey responses?
Which of the following can be a threat to the validity of survey responses?
Which of the following best defines sampling error?
Which of the following best defines sampling error?
What does item nonresponse refer to in survey research?
What does item nonresponse refer to in survey research?
Which approach is NOT recommended to improve survey response rates?
Which approach is NOT recommended to improve survey response rates?
What is one key characteristic of an effective questionnaire?
What is one key characteristic of an effective questionnaire?
Which of the following is a property type that a respondent might specify?
Which of the following is a property type that a respondent might specify?
What should the wording of a questionnaire item ensure?
What should the wording of a questionnaire item ensure?
Why is it important for questionnaire information to be inaccessible to the investigator?
Why is it important for questionnaire information to be inaccessible to the investigator?
What is an example of a closed-ended question in a questionnaire?
What is an example of a closed-ended question in a questionnaire?
Which characteristic is essential for a questionnaire's questions to ensure respondent comprehension?
Which characteristic is essential for a questionnaire's questions to ensure respondent comprehension?
What is a guideline for the type of information that should be included in a questionnaire?
What is a guideline for the type of information that should be included in a questionnaire?
How should the items in a questionnaire be organized?
How should the items in a questionnaire be organized?
Which of the following options best describes the ideal duration for a well-planned questionnaire?
Which of the following options best describes the ideal duration for a well-planned questionnaire?
What is an issue identified with the question 'How many hours a day did you work during the first week of June 2001?'?
What is an issue identified with the question 'How many hours a day did you work during the first week of June 2001?'?
What is the sample frame in survey research?
What is the sample frame in survey research?
Which of the following describes sampling error?
Which of the following describes sampling error?
What percentage of people opposed cutting programs such as social security, medicare, medicaid, and farm subsidies to reduce the budget deficit?
What percentage of people opposed cutting programs such as social security, medicare, medicaid, and farm subsidies to reduce the budget deficit?
What does measurement error pertain to in survey research?
What does measurement error pertain to in survey research?
What do Americans tend to think about government spending on welfare compared to assistance to the poor?
What do Americans tend to think about government spending on welfare compared to assistance to the poor?
What percentage of people favored cutting government entitlements to reduce the budget deficit?
What percentage of people favored cutting government entitlements to reduce the budget deficit?
What is coverage error in survey research?
What is coverage error in survey research?
Which model was NOT mentioned as a method for collecting data in survey research?
Which model was NOT mentioned as a method for collecting data in survey research?
Which aspect is critical when selecting a sample in survey research?
Which aspect is critical when selecting a sample in survey research?
What is the primary concern of Americans regarding government entitlements?
What is the primary concern of Americans regarding government entitlements?
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Study Notes
Models of Data Collection
- Different methods for collecting data include telephone surveys, direct administration, personal interviews, mail, internet surveys, and email.
- Advantages and disadvantages vary for each method, impacting speed, cost, and response quality.
Telephone Survey
- Quick results and lower cost compared to personal interviews.
- Faces issues like nonresponse and limitations in question types.
Direct Administration
- Offers short response time at a lower cost compared to personal interviews.
- Requires facilities and trained personnel.
Personal Interviews
- Provide quick results and allow for in-depth responses.
- More expensive and training for interviewers is essential to reduce bias.
Mail Surveys
- Cost-effective and allows for anonymity among respondents.
- Challenges include low response rates, noncoverage errors, and long response times.
Internet and Email Surveys
- Internet surveys are fast and inexpensive, capable of handling complex questions and multimedia.
- Universal internet access is not guaranteed, which may impact the representativeness of results.
- Email surveys are low cost and can yield higher response rates than traditional mail but depend on a good email list.
Steps in Survey Research
-
Data Analysis
- Involves cleaning and coding questionnaires to prepare for statistical analysis.
- Coding may include close-ended, open-ended, and partially close-ended questions.
-
Collecting Data
- Essential to apply the chosen instrument effectively.
- Diverse models impact collection methods and responses rates.
Problems in Survey Research
-
Non-Response
- Total nonresponse occurs when a survey is not returned; item nonresponse when specific questions are skipped.
-
Increasing Response Rate Suggestions
- Use multiple contacts to engage respondents and follow up with reminders.
- Personalization of communication can enhance engagement.
Instrumentation Issues
- Validity can be affected by extraneous factors, leading questions, and question phrasing.
- Conditions during surveys (e.g., time of day, environment) can influence responses.
Errors in Survey Research
- Coverage Error: Sample drawn does not encompass the entire target population.
- Sampling Error: Sampling only a subset instead of conducting a complete census.
- Measurement Error: Respondents may provide inaccurate or non-comparable answers.
- Non-Response Error: Differences between respondents and non-respondents can skew results.
Questionnaire Best Practices
- Ensure brevity and focus on significant topics that warrant attention.
- Use clear, understandable language to facilitate comprehension.
- Logical item arrangement and clear instructions are vital for effective survey collection.
Examples of Errors in Responses
- Question wording can lead to varying interpretations affecting response accuracy.
- Differences in phrasing ("welfare" vs. "assistance to the poor") can significantly alter public opinion results.
Summary of Key Components
- Effective survey research requires careful planning of methodologies, understanding of potential errors, and attention to the design of questionnaires to ensure validity and reliability of the collected data.
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