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Survey Techniques and Data Collection
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Survey Techniques and Data Collection

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of using mail surveys?

  • They guarantee high response rates.
  • They provide immediate data analysis.
  • They involve in-person interactions.
  • They reach a vast and diverse audience. (correct)

    • Which survey method is most effective for real-time data collection?

  • Phone surveys (correct)
  • Mail surveys
  • In-person surveys
  • Online surveys

    • What is a significant drawback of mail surveys?

  • They take too long to reach respondents.
  • They require hard copies of questionnaires.
  • They are too expensive to conduct.
  • They may have low response rates. (correct)

    • What should you consider to communicate effectively in writing?

    <p>The readers' level of interest and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the survey techniques, which one has the advantage of reaching a broad audience quickly at low cost?

    <p>Online surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT emphasized as important for good communication?

    <p>Excellent grammar skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phone surveys?

    <p>They are usually time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using tables in written reports?

    <p>They present large amounts of data in a concise manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary concerns regarding data collected from phone surveys?

    <p>Lower reliability and precision of collected data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential part of the table helps clarify its contents?

    <p>The table title</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended way to number tables in a report?

    <p>Sequentially according to appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do online surveys facilitate data collection?

    <p>By allowing for a range of online tools to improve quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary data from primary data?

    <p>Secondary data is collected by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When revising a report, what is an advantage of numbering tables based on chapter number?

    <p>It allows for individual adjustments without affecting the entire document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does language clarity play in writing?

    <p>It contributes to the flow of the document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of table structure is important for its use in reports?

    <p>Logical progression of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data analysis in research?

    <p>To examine and interpret collected data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of minimizing data collection problems?

    <p>Using a closed questionnaire format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about coding data is true?

    <p>Coding depends on how the variable has been measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in descriptive analysis?

    <p>Summarizing characteristics of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the measures of central tendency?

    <p>They are used to summarize the typical value in a dataset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does NOT typically occur as part of data analysis?

    <p>Fundamentally altering existing answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concern when recalling a respondent's answers during interviews?

    <p>It may introduce new errors into the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when confirming or ascertaining answers from respondents?

    <p>Additional time and expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the stub in a table?

    <p>To list subcategories of a variable along the y-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a bivariate table, what typically appears in the column headings?

    <p>Subcategories of one of the variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of conducting in-person surveys?

    <p>Capability to clarify and probe responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of table contains information about only one variable?

    <p>Frequency table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a table is used to provide additional context or explanations?

    <p>Supplementary notes or footnotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey involves using a combination of both online and in-person methods?

    <p>Mixed-mode surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a limitation of in-person surveys?

    <p>Significant time and cost investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of table would you use to analyze the relationship between three or more variables?

    <p>Polyvariate table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what section of a table would you typically find source notes?

    <p>At the bottom of the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as secondary data collection?

    <p>Literature gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these descriptions best characterizes the body of a table?

    <p>The cells housing the analyzed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does validity refer to in data collection?

    <p>The accuracy of data reflecting the research question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate order for identifying variables in a title when describing a table?

    <p>Dependent variable followed by the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could affect the reliability of data collected?

    <p>Social desirability bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source for secondary data collection from governmental sources?

    <p>Government reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential concern when using mixed-mode surveys?

    <p>Sample bias and data consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Secondary Data

    • Secondary data refers to data that has been previously collected by others for various research purposes.
    • It is accessible through sources like books, journals, archives, repositories, and databases.

    Primary Data Collection Techniques

    • Surveys are a primary method for gathering data directly from respondents.

    Survey Techniques

    • Mail Surveys

      • Questionnaires sent to a representative sample via mail.
      • Advantages: Reaches a wide audience and allows respondents time to think.
      • Disadvantages: Often low response rates and potential quality issues from incomplete or erroneous answers.

    • Phone Surveys

      • Conducted via telephone using pre-programmed systems or trained interviewers.
      • Advantages: Quick collection of data from a large number of individuals and real-time analysis.
      • Disadvantages: May have lower response rates and concerns about data reliability.

    • Online Surveys

      • Surveys administered through online platforms like email, social media, or web services.
      • Advantages: Cost-effective, rapid reach to diverse demographics, and real-time data collection.
      • Disadvantages: Questions about sample representativeness and higher likelihood of incomplete responses.

    • In-Person Surveys

      • Involves direct interaction with respondents through interviews or self-completed questionnaires.
      • Advantages: High response rates and opportunity for in-depth responses.
      • Disadvantages: Can be time-consuming and expensive; risk of social desirability bias.

    • Mixed-Mode Surveys

      • Combines different survey methods (e.g., online and in-person) to reach a broader population.
      • Advantages: Overcomes limitations of single methods, providing comprehensive samples.
      • Disadvantages: Complexity and potential for sample bias.

    Secondary Data Collection Techniques

    • Literature Gathering

      • Analysis of existing research studies on a specific topic.

    • Government Reports

      • Publicly available data collected by government agencies, useful as a secondary source.

    • Online Databases

      • A variety of online sources that provide access to academic journals, government reports, and industry data.

    • Social Media and Web Analytics

      • Information gathered from online behavior that can serve as secondary data.

    Validity and Reliability in Data Collection

    • Validity refers to how accurately data reflects the research question.
    • Reliability concerns the consistency and stability of the data.

    Minimizing Data Issues

    • Inferences from related questions can help clarify answers.
    • Interviewers may recall respondents' earlier answers for accuracy.
    • Follow-ups with respondents can confirm or correct data, albeit expensive and time-consuming.

    Data Editing and Coding

    • Data can be edited by examining responses to individual questions or across all questions from one respondent.
    • Coding is determined by the measurement scale of variables and the communication method of findings.
    • Distinction between qualitative and quantitative data is crucial for effective coding.

    Data Analysis

    • Process of organizing, cleaning, coding, and transforming data for insights.
    • Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied depending on the research question.

    Descriptive Analysis

    • Summarizes characteristics of data, including mean, median, and standard deviation.
    • Measures of central tendency encompass mean, median, and mode.

    Table Structure in Data Presentation

    • Title: Identifies the table number and describes its contents.
    • Stub: Lists variable subcategories on the left side.
    • Column Headings: Subcategories listed at the top.
    • Body: Contains the analyzed data in cells.
    • Supplementary Notes/Footnotes: Explain source and provide additional notes.

    Types of Tables

    • Univariate Tables: Display one variable’s information (frequency tables).
    • Bivariate Tables: Show information on two variables (cross-tabulations).
    • Polyvariate Tables: Contain data on more than two variables.

    Effective Communication in Research Writing

    • Maintain clarity and flow, balancing academic rigor with engaging content.
    • Structure writing thematically, integrating findings with literature and proper citations.
    • Ensure an attractive layout and comprehension for the intended audience.

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    Related Documents

    reviewer-UR updated.docx

    Description

    This quiz explores the various methods of data collection, focusing on both primary and secondary data. It highlights different survey techniques such as mail, phone, and online surveys, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. By understanding these methods, learners can enhance their research skills effectively.

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