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Questions and Answers
Certain geographical areas, like the Galilee, experience a higher incidence of rabies outbreaks.
Certain geographical areas, like the Galilee, experience a higher incidence of rabies outbreaks.
True (A)
The analysis revealed that winter and spring have the highest rabies case occurrences.
The analysis revealed that winter and spring have the highest rabies case occurrences.
False (B)
The analysis concluded that all animal types are equally likely to transmit rabies.
The analysis concluded that all animal types are equally likely to transmit rabies.
False (B)
Geographic coordinates were identified as an important factor in understanding rabies outbreaks.
Geographic coordinates were identified as an important factor in understanding rabies outbreaks.
Initial hypotheses remained unchanged throughout the analysis process.
Initial hypotheses remained unchanged throughout the analysis process.
The findings emphasized the importance of geographic analysis in tracking disease outbreaks.
The findings emphasized the importance of geographic analysis in tracking disease outbreaks.
The seasonal occurrence of rabies cases was found to be non-existent according to the analysis.
The seasonal occurrence of rabies cases was found to be non-existent according to the analysis.
The analysis contributed to a richer understanding of rabies transmission dynamics.
The analysis contributed to a richer understanding of rabies transmission dynamics.
The years listed with the highest number of rabies cases include 2024.
The years listed with the highest number of rabies cases include 2024.
Data analysis should be performed without checking for missing values.
Data analysis should be performed without checking for missing values.
Inconsistencies between Hebrew and English names can lead to data mismatches.
Inconsistencies between Hebrew and English names can lead to data mismatches.
Measurement errors can result from incorrect geographic coordinates.
Measurement errors can result from incorrect geographic coordinates.
There are no issues related to coding in the data fields.
There are no issues related to coding in the data fields.
The original assumption was that rabies cases are concentrated mainly in certain specific animals.
The original assumption was that rabies cases are concentrated mainly in certain specific animals.
New insights from data analysis have simplified the understanding of rabies outbreaks.
New insights from data analysis have simplified the understanding of rabies outbreaks.
The discovery that less expected species, like cattle, are involved in rabies cases led to a change in data analysis goals.
The discovery that less expected species, like cattle, are involved in rabies cases led to a change in data analysis goals.
The study concluded that environmental data, such as weather conditions, is irrelevant to understanding the frequency of rabies cases.
The study concluded that environmental data, such as weather conditions, is irrelevant to understanding the frequency of rabies cases.
The analysis indicated that geographical areas with high wildlife concentration showed no significant increase in rabies cases.
The analysis indicated that geographical areas with high wildlife concentration showed no significant increase in rabies cases.
Understanding new patterns of rabies outbreak has led to new prevention strategies, including increased monitoring in risky areas.
Understanding new patterns of rabies outbreak has led to new prevention strategies, including increased monitoring in risky areas.
The findings did not provide any significant geographic insights related to rabies outbreaks.
The findings did not provide any significant geographic insights related to rabies outbreaks.
The change in data analysis goals focused more on understanding the connection between specific animal species and rabies.
The change in data analysis goals focused more on understanding the connection between specific animal species and rabies.
The Galilee Golan region had the lowest number of rabies cases in Israel.
The Galilee Golan region had the lowest number of rabies cases in Israel.
Environmental data can be integrated to understand the relationship between surroundings and the occurrence of rabies.
Environmental data can be integrated to understand the relationship between surroundings and the occurrence of rabies.
The research aims to develop more targeted prevention strategies for areas with a high concentration of wildlife.
The research aims to develop more targeted prevention strategies for areas with a high concentration of wildlife.
The Western Galilee region recorded approximately 150 rabies cases.
The Western Galilee region recorded approximately 150 rabies cases.
All regions in Israel have a similar number of rabies cases.
All regions in Israel have a similar number of rabies cases.
The valleys region had more rabies cases than the Western Galilee region.
The valleys region had more rabies cases than the Western Galilee region.
Improving data analysis decreased the understanding of rabies outbreaks.
Improving data analysis decreased the understanding of rabies outbreaks.
The low incidence of rabies cases in some areas could indicate better prevention measures.
The low incidence of rabies cases in some areas could indicate better prevention measures.
Flashcards
Initial Hypothesis
Initial Hypothesis
A preliminary assumption about the data, often based on initial observations, that guides further investigation.
Geographic Distribution of Rabies Cases
Geographic Distribution of Rabies Cases
The geographic distribution of a phenomenon. In the context of Rabies, it refers to the areas where outbreaks occur more frequently.
Seasonality of Rabies
Seasonality of Rabies
The tendency for a phenomenon, like Rabies outbreaks, to vary in frequency or intensity over different seasons.
Animal Hosts for Rabies
Animal Hosts for Rabies
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Geographic Coordinates in Rabies Analysis
Geographic Coordinates in Rabies Analysis
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Geographic Analysis of Rabies
Geographic Analysis of Rabies
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Analytical Findings
Analytical Findings
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Geographic Data Applications
Geographic Data Applications
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Rabies Outbreak: Initial Assumptions vs. Reality
Rabies Outbreak: Initial Assumptions vs. Reality
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Increased Rabies Cases in Specific Regions
Increased Rabies Cases in Specific Regions
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Shifting Data Science Focus
Shifting Data Science Focus
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Incorporating Environmental Data
Incorporating Environmental Data
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Improved Understanding of Rabies Spread
Improved Understanding of Rabies Spread
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Identifying Geographical Hotspots
Identifying Geographical Hotspots
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Wildlife Role in Rabies Spread
Wildlife Role in Rabies Spread
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Integrating Environmental Data for Rabies Understanding
Integrating Environmental Data for Rabies Understanding
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Rabies Outbreak Prediction
Rabies Outbreak Prediction
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Environmental Data Integration
Environmental Data Integration
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Targeted Prevention Strategies
Targeted Prevention Strategies
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Rabies Case Distribution in Israel
Rabies Case Distribution in Israel
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Golan Heights (Rabies Cases)
Golan Heights (Rabies Cases)
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Valleys (Rabies Cases)
Valleys (Rabies Cases)
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Western Galilee (Rabies Cases)
Western Galilee (Rabies Cases)
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Lower Rabies Prevalence Areas
Lower Rabies Prevalence Areas
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Missing Data
Missing Data
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Coding Inconsistency
Coding Inconsistency
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Measurement Errors
Measurement Errors
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Data Quality Analysis
Data Quality Analysis
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Study Notes
Data Analysis of Rabies Cases
- Preliminary hypotheses were developed based on existing data characteristics
- Hypotheses include a correlation between geographic location and rabies outbreaks; certain geographic regions (e.g., the Galilee, valleys, and Golan Heights) exhibit higher incidence
- Seasonality may play a role, with increased cases during specific seasons, particularly winter and autumn
- Animal species differ in their susceptibility or involvement in rabies outbreaks. Predominantly, cases involve certain animal types (e.g., badgers and dogs)
Promising Data Analysis Characteristics
- Geographic Location (RegionHeb, RegionEng): Urban, rural, or high animal density areas are potentially useful indicators of rabies outbreak clusters
- Dates (Date): Identifying seasonal or long-term trends, analyzing potential increased cases during certain seasons
- Animal Species (SpeciesNameEng, SpeciesNameHeb): Knowing the implicated species helps understand the origin of the disease (e.g., a particular species as the primary source)
- Unique Animal Identifier (Animal_Lab_ID): Enables tracking specific cases for analysis of recurring incidents
- Settlement (SettlementEng, SettlementHeb): Local level analysis to identify areas with potentially higher incidence rates
Data Analysis Changes
- Identified geographic clustering of rabies outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of geographical analysis in tracking disease outbreaks
- Significant increase in cases observed in specific northern areas, close to wild animal concentrations
- Analysis revealed involvement of previously unexpected species (e.g., cattle) in rabies cases
Data Science Goals
- Focus on identifying high-risk geographical areas for future outbreaks
- Goal is to develop models capable of predicting outbreaks in specific regions
- Considering the integration of environmental data (e.g., weather conditions) to understand the environmental influences on rabies incidence
- Develop targeted prevention strategies, focusing on enhanced monitoring and treatment in areas with high wildlife concentrations
Rabies Cases by Animal Species
- Badgers are the most common species affected, with 251 cases (36.43% of total)
- Dogs are the second most common species, with 243 cases (35.27% of total)
- Cattle are the third most common species, with 109 cases (15.82% of total)
Rabies Cases by Geographic Area
- The Galilee-Golan region had the highest number of rabies cases (over 350 cases)
- The Valleys showed over 200 cases
- The Western Galilee region had approximately 60 cases
- Other regions (e.g., the Coastal Plain, Hills, Negev, and Sharon areas) exhibited considerably lower case numbers, potentially indicating better prevention measures or lower vulnerable animal concentration
Rabies Cases by Date
- The top 10 dates for the highest rabies case counts were analyzed
- This could reflect seasonal changes, specific events, or environmental factors contributing to the infection
Rabies Cases by Settlement
- Top settlements with the highest number of rabies cases (e.g., Yardena and Majdal Shams) were identified.
Rabies Cases by Non-Settlement Locations
- Top 5 non-settlement locations with the highest reported rabies cases were highlighted
- Areas outside settlements, such as Ramat Sirin and Matsok Orvim, might be hotspots due to wildlife activity and/or limited access to veterinary services
Rabies Cases by Season
- Winter had the highest incidence of rabies cases, followed by autumn, and then summer
Rabies Cases by Year
- The years with the highest reported rabies case counts were identified in descending order.
Data Quality Issues
- Missing data (e.g., missing location, code inconsistencies) in some fields
- Coding inconsistencies (e.g., discrepancies in region names) between Hebrew and English
- Inaccurate data entry (e.g., invalid coordinates), requiring further scrutiny and potential adjustments
- Inconsistent coding and units of measure
- Poor metadata, needing thorough review to ensure accurate representation
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