CH 9: Darwinism
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Questions and Answers

What is the crux of Darwinism as mentioned in the text?

  • Passing on less favorable traits to offspring
  • Climate changes that favor all organisms equally
  • Inherent variation among offspring within the same species (correct)
  • Survival of all species without any changes

Which phrase succinctly summarizes the process of natural selection?

  • Random selection of traits
  • Survival of the fittest (correct)
  • Survival of the weakest
  • Competition of all species

What happens to organisms with less favorable traits according to Darwinism?

  • They have no impact on future generations
  • They can change their traits instantly
  • They are less likely to survive and reproduce (correct)
  • They are guaranteed to thrive in any environment

What is the foundational stone upon which natural selection acts, according to Darwin's theory?

<p>Inherent variation within the same species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is variation among offspring within a species considered critical in Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>It introduces different traits and characteristics among individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which Darwin proposed species evolve over time?

<p>Natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific discovery helped solidify Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

<p>The rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's work on inheritance patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was there significant skepticism initially around Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>Poorly explained mechanisms of genetics and inheritance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of Darwinism on the scientific community?

<p>It continues to be refined and expanded with new scientific discoveries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core principle of Darwin's theory remains central to modern biological sciences?

<p>Evolution by natural selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key observation did Darwin make about offspring within the same species?

<p>They exhibit inherent variation in traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diversity among individuals within the same species considered critical in Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>It introduces different traits that natural selection acts upon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept encapsulated by the phrase 'survival of the fittest' in Darwinism?

<p>Organisms with advantageous traits tend to survive and reproduce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms with less favorable traits fare in Darwinism?

<p>They are less likely to survive and reproduce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the environment can exert pressure on organisms leading to survival or extinction?

<p>Predation pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are advantageous traits important for organisms under natural selection?

<p>They increase the chances of survival and reproduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does variation play in the process of natural selection?

<p>Variation introduces different traits on which natural selection acts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do organisms with favorable traits affect future generations according to Darwinism?

<p>They pass on advantageous traits to their offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental mechanism that drives evolution according to Darwin's theory?

<p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms with less favorable traits fare in Darwinism?

<p>They are less likely to survive and reproduce. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the process through which ill-suited traits are weeded out and beneficial ones promoted in a population over generations?

<p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Darwin's theory of evolution, what is the consequence of offspring inheriting favorable traits?

<p>Higher proportion in subsequent generations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biological disciplines have provided evidence supporting Darwin's theory of natural selection?

<p>Paleontology and ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for skepticism surrounding Darwin's theory of evolution initially?

<p>Understanding of genetics at the time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does natural selection influence the genetic makeup of populations over time?

<p>It favors beneficial traits for survival and reproduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the outcomes of incremental changes resulting from natural selection over vast spans of time?

<p>Development of new species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Darwinism makes it universally applicable across various organisms?

<p>Its adaptability to different ecological niches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scientific discovery played a crucial role in providing a robust framework supporting Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>'Inheritance patterns' by Gregor Mendel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has Darwin's theory of evolution been impacted by new scientific discoveries despite its wide acceptance?

<p>'It has been expanded with new insights.' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundational concept upon which natural selection acts in Darwinism?

<p>Inherent variation among offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase succinctly describes the process by which organisms with favorable characteristics tend to survive in Darwinism?

<p>Survival of the fittest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key observation did Darwin begin with in formulating his theory of evolution by natural selection?

<p>Variation among offspring within species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism driving organisms to survive and reproduce in Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>Natural selection favoring beneficial traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do organisms with less favorable traits tend to be less likely to survive according to Darwinism?

<p>Difficulty in adapting to environmental changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phrase summarizes the competitive process where organisms with beneficial traits have greater chances of survival and reproduction?

<p>'Survival of the fittest' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept in Darwinism emphasizes the challenges organisms face in adapting to changing environmental conditions?

<p>'Struggle for existence' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process by which advantageous traits are passed on to offspring in Darwinism?

<p>'Passive inheritance' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is variation critical among offspring within the same species in Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>'Foundational stone' for natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome for organisms with less favorable traits under Darwin's theory of natural selection?

<p>Reduced chances of survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of natural selection in promoting beneficial traits in a population?

<p>Weeding out ill-suited traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was there initial skepticism regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>Lack of empirical evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Darwinism contribute to our understanding of the diversity of life forms?

<p>By explaining adaptive strategies through natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Gregor Mendel's work aid in the acceptance of Darwin's theory of evolution?

<p>Provided a robust framework on inheritance patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the incremental changes resulting from natural selection over vast spans of time?

<p>Diversification and speciation events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Darwin's theory considered universally applicable across different biological disciplines?

<p>By encompassing diverse organisms and scales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin propose as the primary mechanism through which species evolve over time?

<p>Natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do advantageous traits in natural selection influence future generations?

<p>By increasing the prevalence of those traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that led to the acceptance of Darwin's theory of evolution within the scientific community?

<p>Development of modern genetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial contribution did Darwinism make to explain the adaptive strategies of organisms?

<p>Providing a coherent framework through natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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