Theories of Evolution Overview
10 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What concept explains the reason why organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive?

  • Independent Assortment
  • Gene Segregation
  • Natural Selection (correct)
  • Genotype Stability

    • Which of the following best describes the Principle of Segregation?

  • All traits are inherited equally from both parents.
  • Genes from both parents are combined in offspring.
  • Only dominant genes are expressed in offspring.
  • Each sex cell receives one gene from each pair. (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?

  • To form gametes for sexual reproduction.
  • To replicate genetic material for reproduction.
  • To increase cell number and maintain tissues. (correct)
  • To produce genetic diversity in the population.

    • Which of the following describes a phenotype?

    <p>The physical traits derived from an organism's genotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alfred Russell Wallace's significant contribution to evolutionary theory was primarily threatened by which of the following?

    <p>The simultaneous publication of Darwin's work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Principle of Fixity of Species, what is the belief regarding species?

    <p>Species were created by God and cannot change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

    <p>Use of organs can strengthen them and lead to changes passed on to the next generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Theory of Catastrophism suggest about the extinction of species?

    <p>Sudden cataclysmic events caused mass extinctions in various areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Theory of Uniformitarianism differ from Catastrophism?

    <p>It asserts that current geological processes are the same as those in the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Lamarck’s theory is likely to be misinterpreted by students?

    <p>Acquired characteristics cannot be passed on to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories of Evolution

    • Fixity of Species - Proposed by Karl von Linne, it stated that all species were created by God and remained unchanging.
    • Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics - Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms adapt to their environment by developing traits based on use and disuse. Changes acquired during an organism's lifetime were believed to be passed on to offspring.
    • Catastrophism - George Cuvier explained the presence of fossils by suggesting that catastrophic events caused extinction and subsequent repopulation by different, but similar, species.
    • Uniformitarianism - Charles Lyell suggested that geological forces shaping Earth today are the same as those in the past, providing evidence for long-term change.

    Key Contributors

    • Thomas Malthus - Wrote "Essay on the Principle of Population," which explored the relationship between population growth and resource limitations.
    • Charles Darwin - Observed extensive biodiversity on the Galapagos Islands, leading him to develop his theory of evolution by natural selection.
    • Alfred Russel Wallace - Independently developed a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's.

    Darwin's Theory of Evolution

    • Natural Selection - The mechanism by which organisms with favorable traits outcompete others for resources, leading to an increase in their survival and reproduction over time.
    • Tenets of Darwin's Theory
      • Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support.
      • There is variation among individuals within a species.
      • Traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction will be passed on to future generations.

    Mendelian Genetics

    • Gregor Mendel - Conducted groundbreaking experiments on pea plants, revealing fundamental principles of inheritance.
    • Principles of Segregation - Genes exist in pairs within an individual, and each sex cell receives one copy from each pair.
      • Punnett Square - Used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes.
      • Alleles - Alternate forms of a gene.
      • Genotype - The genetic makeup of an individual.
      • Phenotype - The observable characteristics of an individual.
      • Homozygous - Having two identical alleles for a trait.
      • Heterozygous - Having two different alleles for a trait.
      • Dominant Allele - Expressed even when paired with a recessive allele.
      • Recessive Allele - Only expressed when paired with another recessive allele.
    • Principle of Independent Assortment - The inheritance of one trait doesn't influence the inheritance of another trait.

    Cell Division

    • Mitosis - Somatic cells (non-sex cells) undergo mitosis, resulting in cell growth and repair.
    • Interphase - The period between cell divisions when DNA replicates.
      • Chromosomes - Duplicate during interphase, resulting in paired chromatids.
      • Centromere - The region that holds chromatids together.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the foundational theories of evolution and the key contributors in this quiz. From the fixity of species to the ideas of uniformitarianism, learn about the various perspectives that have shaped our understanding of evolution. Test your knowledge on the significant figures who contributed to this important scientific field.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser