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Questions and Answers
Which of the following scientists is known for the theory of catastrophism?
Which of the following scientists is known for the theory of catastrophism?
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
- Georges Cuvier (correct)
- Charles Darwin
- Alfred Russel Wallace
Lamarck's theory of evolution emphasized the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Lamarck's theory of evolution emphasized the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
True (A)
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on during his famous voyage?
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on during his famous voyage?
HMS Beagle
The process of ______ describes individuals with the most favorable traits for an environment being more likely to survive and reproduce.
The process of ______ describes individuals with the most favorable traits for an environment being more likely to survive and reproduce.
Match the scientists with their corresponding ideas:
Match the scientists with their corresponding ideas:
Which of these statements accurately reflects Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Which of these statements accurately reflects Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Darwin's finches provided evidence supporting the idea that species change over time.
Darwin's finches provided evidence supporting the idea that species change over time.
What is the main idea behind Darwin's concept of 'Survival of the Fittest'?
What is the main idea behind Darwin's concept of 'Survival of the Fittest'?
Flashcards
Catastrophism
Catastrophism
The theory that Earth's geological features formed due to sudden, catastrophic events.
Uniformitarianism
Uniformitarianism
The concept that Earth's processes occur uniformly over time, with present actions explaining past events.
Lamarck's Theory of Need
Lamarck's Theory of Need
Organisms change because they need specific structures to survive.
Lamarck's Theory of Use and Disuse
Lamarck's Theory of Use and Disuse
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Lamarck's Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Lamarck's Theory of Acquired Characteristics
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Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
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Darwin's Finches
Darwin's Finches
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Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace
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Study Notes
Evolution Theories
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) developed one of the first theories on how species changed
- Lamarck's Theory of Need: Organisms change due to needs
- Lamarck's Theory of Use and Disuse: Organisms develop characteristics based on use or disuse of organs
- Lamarck's Theory of Acquired Characteristics: Characteristics that a parent acquires during its lifetime can pass to offspring
History of Evolutionary Thought
- Catastrophism: The Earth and geological events formed suddenly due to catastrophes.
- Uniformitarianism: The Earth has always changed in uniform ways and the present is the key to understanding the past
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
- Darwin's work drastically changed ideas about the natural world
- Darwin's HMS Beagle Voyage: Collected specimens/data from around the world, specifically the Galapagos Islands
- Darwin's Finches: Observed 13 types of finches, differing in size and beak shape by island, taking 20 years to understand and document
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
- Natural Selection: Individuals with favorable traits for their environment survive and reproduce, passing on those traits. This is also known as "Survival of the Fittest"
- Overproduction: Organisms reproduce more than needed to replace themselves
- Competition: Limited living space and food create competition between organisms
- Variation: No two individuals are the same; plants and animals of the same species differ in size, strength, and adaptive structures
- Adaptation: A process of becoming better suited to the environment, improving chances of survival
- Speciation: Favorable adaptations gradually accumulate in a species, while unfavorable ones disappear
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
- Wallace sent Darwin a manuscript describing similar ideas to Darwin's natural selection
- Wallace and Darwin developed nearly identical concepts, demonstrating natural selection's extensive impact on species development
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