20 Questions
Which organelle regulates transport in the nucleus?
Nuclear pores
What is the characteristic feature of steroid-secreting cells?
Tubulovesicular mitochondria
Which disease is caused by a mutation in lamin A?
Progeria
What technique examines condensed chromosomes during metaphase?
Karyotyping
Which cytoskeletal component aids in chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis?
Centrioles
What provides support to the plasma membrane in cell morphology?
Microfilaments
What cytoskeletal component is found in cilia and axonemes?
Microtubules
What connects the nucleus to nuclear pores?
Intermediate filaments
What is responsible for long-distance transport of vesicles and organelles?
Microtubules
Which cytoskeletal component is depolymerized by cytochalasin B?
Microfilaments
Which type of cytoskeletal filament is composed of actin and is involved in cell motility and vesicle movement?
Microfilaments
What type of proteins connect actin to integrin receptors?
Actin-binding proteins (ABPs)
Which cytoskeletal filament is composed of tubulin and acts as highways for vesicle and organelle movement?
Microtubules
What is the function of intermediate filaments in the cell?
Anchor into the nucleus and periphery
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Site of ribosomal subunit production, RNA, and protein synthesis
What is the term for DNA wrapped around histone proteins?
Nucleosome
What region of the chromosome is responsible for the contact between sister chromatids?
Centromere
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Facilitate transport between nucleus and cytoplasm
What is the term for the double unit membrane surrounding the nucleus?
Nuclear membrane
What type of proteins are kinesin and dynein?
Motor proteins for microtubule transport
Study Notes
Cellular Structure and Function
- The nuclear pore complex regulates transport in and out of the nucleus.
Cell Morphology and Cytoskeleton
- Steroid-secreting cells have a characteristic feature of abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
- Mutations in lamin A can cause progeria, a premature aging disease.
- The plasma membrane is supported by the cytoskeleton, specifically the spectrin network.
Mitosis and Cytoskeleton
- During metaphase, the karyotype technique examines condensed chromosomes.
- Microtubules, a cytoskeletal component, aid in chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis.
Organelle Transport and Cytoskeleton
- Dynein is responsible for long-distance transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules.
- Microtubules, composed of tubulin, act as highways for vesicle and organelle movement.
Cytoskeletal Components and Functions
- Cilia and axonemes contain the cytoskeletal component dynein.
- Kinesin and dynein are motor proteins that connect microtubules to organelles and vesicles.
- Actin filaments, composed of actin, are involved in cell motility and vesicle movement.
- Integrins connect actin filaments to the extracellular matrix.
Nucleus and Chromosomes
- Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape.
- The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome synthesis and assembly.
- Chromatin is the term for DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
- The centromere region is responsible for the contact between sister chromatids.
- Nuclear pores allow for the bidirectional transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
- The double unit membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope.
Test your knowledge on the cytoskeleton's microfilaments and their role in cell motility, vesicle movement, and structural support. Learn about actin, actin-binding proteins, focal adhesion sites, and microvilli integration.
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