Cytology Sample Collection Methods

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What is the primary method of collecting cellular material from the respiratory tract?

Urinary sediment cytology
Sputum examination (correct)
Brushing during bronchoscopic procedures
Lavage following enema to clean the colon

Why is catheterization preferred in women for urinary tract cytology?

To obtain a more representative sample
To reduce discomfort
To avoid contamination by vaginal cells and menstrual blood (correct)
To obtain a larger sample

What is a limitation of sputum examination?

It is only useful for diagnosing upper respiratory tract cancers
It is not representative of the entire respiratory tract
It is difficult to obtain a sample
It does not allow localization of the lesion within the respiratory tract (correct)

What is the significance of a satisfactory sputum specimen in diagnosing lung cancer?

It allows diagnosis of over 80% of lung cancers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aerosol-inhalation of cough stimulating substances?

To trigger the cough reflex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of collecting urinary bladder washings in symptomatic patients when bladder tumors are suspected?

Washings obtained at cystoscopy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative method of collecting cellular material from the colon?

Lavage following enema to clean the colon (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are infrequent in urine, but more abundant in material obtained from the renal pelvis and ureter?

Renal parenchymal cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of retrograde catheterization and brushing of the ureter and renal pelvis?

To localize lesions in the upper urinary tract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of X chromosomes and the number of Barr bodies observed in interphase nuclei?

The number of Barr bodies is one less than the number of X chromosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of the Barr body in interphase nuclei?

Drumstick appearance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prostatic massage in Urinary Tract Cytology?

To obtain prostatic secretions for cytological examination (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the initial morning specimen of urine discarded?

Because cells deteriorate extremely quickly in acidic urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are 24-hour collections of urine useless for cytodiagnostic purposes?

Because the morphology of cells is distorted to an extreme degree (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is added to pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal fluids to prevent coagulation?

Heparin, sodium citrate, or EDTA (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why should CSF samples be dispatched without delay to the laboratory?

Because the cells contained are extremely fragile (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to smears if they are allowed to dry prior to fixation?

Drying causes distortion of cells and induces cytoplasmic staining artefacts (A) Signup and view all the answers

How long is the fixation time for smears in 95% ethanol?

10 to 15 minutes at room temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers