Cytology Overview

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Questions and Answers

From the following choose the organelles of general importance: - RER & SER - Golgi Complex - Lysosome - Peroxisome - Mitochondria

RER & SER (correct)

Lysosome (correct)

Mitochondria (correct)

Golgi Complex (correct)

Peroxisome (correct)

Select the correct statement about the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: - It is a system of tubules and channels that do not contain ribosomes - Here are synthesized polysaccharides, lipids - There is accumulating calcium ions - This occurs detoxification different substances

It is a system of tubules and channels that do not contain ribosomes (correct)

Here are synthesized polysaccharides, lipids (correct)

This occurs detoxification different substances (correct)

There is accumulating calcium ions (correct)

In the Anaphase of mitosis takes place: - Movement of chromosomes toward the poles of the cell

Movement of chromosomes toward the poles of the cell (correct)

What structures are responsible for basophilic aspect of the cytoplasm?

Presence of RER (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the intercellular junctions:

Gap Junctions (A), Desmosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cytokinesis takes place in:

Telophase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Name the function of the nucleus:

Preservation and transmission of genetic information. Carrying out this information in the form of protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Select the nonmembranous organelles:

Centrioles (A), Microtubules (B), Ribosomes (C), Microfilaments (D) Signup and view all the answers

Select the functions of the mitochondria:

Energy Release (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the Gap junction: - is a junction intercommunicating - contains connexion - are characteristic of muscle tissue

are characteristic of muscle tissue (A), is a junction intercommunicating (B), contains connexion (C) Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is composed of: - Glycocalyx, plasmalema and cytoskeletal elements

Glicocalyx, plasmalema and cytoskeletal elements (A) Signup and view all the answers

The following events characterized the Prophase: - Chromatin condensation and spiral - Nucleolus disappers - Nuclear membrane disappears - Formation of the mitotic spindle - Centriole moving toward cell poles

Centriole moving toward cell poles (A), Chromatin condensation and spiral (B), Nuclear membrane disappears (C), Formation of the mitotic spindle (D), Nucleolus disappers (E) Signup and view all the answers

Chromatin includes: - DNA - RNA - Histone proteins and nonhistone

DNA (A), RNA (B), Histone proteins and nonhistone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What organelles are responsible for synthesis and secretion of proteins for "export"? - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi Complex

Golgi Complex (A), Rough endoplasmic reticulum (B) Signup and view all the answers

The component parts of the nucleus are: - Nuclear membrane - Nuclear skeleton - Chromatin - Nucleoplasm - Nucleolus

Nucleolus (A), Chromatin (B), Nucleoplasm (C), Nuclear membrane (D), Nuclear skeleton (E) Signup and view all the answers

The metaphases plate is characteristic for:

Metaphase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about Desmosomes: - is a junction intercellular - is characteristic of epithelia - intercellular space appears in a compact disc

is a junction intercellular (A), intercellular space appears in a compact disc (B), is characteristic of epithelia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Chromatin fibers consist of: - DNA - Proteins - RNA

DNA (A), RNA (B), Protiens (C) Signup and view all the answers

The following events which take place in the Metaphase of mitosis are:

Arrange chromosomes at the equator (A) Signup and view all the answers

Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes: - Protein "for export"

Protein "for export" (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about Endocytosis: - a variant of transportation of substances in the cell cytoplasm

a variant of transportation of substances in the cell cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Exocytosis represents:

discharge of substances in cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

Phagocytosis represents: - transfer large solid particles in the cytoplasm

transfer large solid particles in the cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelles of general importance: - RER & SER - Golgi Complex - Mitochondria - Lysosome - Peroxisome - Nucleus (Cellular Center)

Lysosome (A), RER & SER (B), Nucleus (Cellular Center) (C), Golgi Complex (D), Peroxisome (E), Mitochondria (F) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the inclusions from the following structures: - Nutritious (lipid droplets, glycogen) - Pigmental (pigmental granules) - Secretory (secretory granules) - Excretory

Secretory (secretory granules) (A), Nutritious (lipid droplets, glycogen) (B), Pigmental (pigmental granules) (C), Excretory (D) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelles: - ERE & SER - Golgi Complex - Lysosome - Peroxisome - Mitochondri - Nucleus (Cellular Center)

Mitochondria (A), ERE & SER (B), Peroxisome (C), Lysosome (D), Golgi Complex (E), nucleus (Cellular Center) (F) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the inclusions from the following structures: - secretory granules - granules of excretion - pigment granules

secretory granules (A), pigment granules (B), granules of excretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the organelles: - ERE & SER - Golgi Complex - Lysosome - Peroxisome - Mitochondria - nucleus (Cellular Center)

Lysosome (A), Mitochondria (B), Golgi Complex (C), ERE & SER (D), Peroxisome (E), nucleus (Cellular Center) (F) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the organelles of special importance: - microvilli - cilia - flagellum - acrosome

acrosome (A), cilia (B), flagellum (C), microvilli (D) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the membranous organelles: - ER - golgi - Lysosome - peroxisome - mitochondria

peroxisome (A), mitochondria (B), golgi (C), Lysosome (D), ER (E) Signup and view all the answers

Polyploidy represents: - Duplication of chromosomes lining unaccompanied by mitosis

Duplication of chromosomes lining unaccompanied by mitosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous migration of chromatids to the opposite poles of the cell takes place in: - Anaphase

Anaphase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the Nuclear pore complex: - it has a system of globular and fibrillary structures - It consists of three rings (cytoplasmic, middle, nucleoplasmic ring), each consisting of 8 grains - at center is located The central grain

at center is located The central grain (A), It consists of three rings (cytoplasmic ,middle, nucleoplasmic ring ), each consisting of 8 grains (B), it has a system of globular and fibrillary structures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Heterochromatin represents:

Portions of chromosomes fused maximal (A) Signup and view all the answers

Intracellular digestion is provided by:

type of lysosomal digestion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the synthesis of: - Polysacharides and lipids

Polysacharides and lipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Synthesis of tubulins necessary for the formation of the mitotic spindle takes place in: - during G2

during G2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Synthesis and duplication of the DNA amount take place during: - S period

S period (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the organelle/organelles which are responsible for the modification, packing and segregation of the synthesized proteins: - Golgi complex

Golgi complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the organelle which contains peroxidase (oxidase): - Peroxizome

Peroxizome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the organelles which contain hydrolytic enzymes: - Lysosomes

Lysosomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelles which are responsible for the proteins synthesis: - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (A), ribosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelle which is responsible for the formation of mitotic spindles:

Centrioles -tublin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelle which is responsible for the synthesis of ATP:

Mitochondria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis represents:

germ cell multiplication (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the functions of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: - protein synthesis "for export"

protein synthesis "for export" (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct answer: - The cell is made up of the cell membrane, the nucleus and the cytoplasm

the cell is made up of the cell membrane, the nucleus and the cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelles of special importance: - microvilli - cilia - flagellum - acrosome

cilia (A), acrosome (B), flagellum (C), microvilli (D) Signup and view all the answers

Select the organelles from the following structures: - ERE & SER - Golgi Complex - Lysosome - Peroxisome - Mitochondri - Nucleus (Cellular Center)

Mitochondria (A), nucleus (Cellular Center) (B), Golgi Complex (C), ERE & SER (D), Lysosome (E), Peroxisome (F) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the types of the intracellular digestion: - lysosomes (types – hetrophagy, autophagy, crynophogy)

lysosomes (types – hetrophagy, autophagy, crynophogy) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Intermediate filaments:-- - supporting elements of cytoskeleton (8-12nm) - consists of 8 subunits for stabilization

supporting elements of cytoskeleton (8-12nm) (A), consists of 8 subunits for stabilization (B) Signup and view all the answers

Choose one of the following components structure with the same structure as centriole - basal body

basal body (A) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome.

phospholipase (A), sulfatases (B), nuclease (C), Proteases (D), glucosidase (E), lipases (F), phosphatase (G) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cytology

From the following organelles, select those of general importance: RER, SER, Golgi Complex, mitochondria, peroxisome, lysosomes.
Anaphase of mitosis is characterized by chromosome migration to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a system of tubules and channels; it lacks ribosomes and synthesizes polysaccharides, lipids, and accumulates calcium ions. It's involved in detoxification.
During anaphase, chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell.
Basophilic aspect of the cytoplasm is due to the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Intercellular junctions include desmosomes and gap junctions.
Cytokinesis occurs during telophase.
The nucleus preserves and transmits genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
Nonmembranous organelles are ribosomes, centrioles, and microtubules.
Mitochondria release energy.
Gap junctions allow intercellular communication. Cell membranes consist of glycocalyx, plasmalemma, and cytoskeleton.
Prophase involves chromatin condensation, nucleolus disappearance, nuclear membrane breakdown, and centriole movement.
Chromatin includes DNA, RNA, and histone proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) synthesizes and secretes proteins for export, while Golgi Complex modifies and packages them.
The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nuclear skeleton, chromatin, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus.
The metaphase plate is a characteristic feature of metaphase, with chromosomes arranged at the equator.
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions characteristic of epithelial cells.
Chromatin fibers are composed of DNA, proteins, and RNA.
During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell equator.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) synthesizes proteins for export.

Embryology

Spermatozoa's movement toward the oocyte is aided by female reproductive system contractions.
The oocyte gains a haploid chromosome number through meiosis.
Meiosis II of oocytes completion during fertilization.
Corona radiata is composed of follicular cells.
Spermatozoon's acrosome contains enzymes for zona pellucida penetration.
Acrosome is a lysosome.
Spermatazoan gain a haploid chromosome number through meiosis.
The extraembryonic organs in humans are the chorion, placenta, amnion, yolk sac, and umbilical cord.
Gastrulation involves cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation.
Myotome, sclerotome, and nephrotome develop from the mesoderm.
The central nervous system develops from the neural tube.
Ectoderm gives rise to skin and nervous tissue; mesoderm gives rise to muscles and connective tissues, and endoderm gives rise to the digestive and respiratory systems.
The early gastrulation cell material of the embryoblast divides into hypoblast and epiblast.
Implantation of the blastocyst takes place in the uterine lining.
The result of the second gastrulation phase is the formation of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).

Histology

Multilocular adipocytes are characterized by numerous lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and a centrally located nucleus.
Glycocalyx is a structural component of the cell membrane.
Fibroblasts secrete collagen, elastic fibers, and fibronectin.
Mast cells secrete histamine.
Intramembranous ossification involves the formation of osteogenic islands.
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells.
Hyaline cartilage contains chondrocytes, territorial and interterritorial matrices.
Bone lamellae form the haversian systems, interstitial lamellae, and circumferential systems.
The perichondrium surrounds hyaline and elastic cartilage.
Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
Adipocytes store fat.
The triad of skeletal muscle fibers includes two terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum and one T-tubule.
Cardiac muscle cells are characterized by intercalated discs.
Smooth muscle tissue is derived from mesenchyme, whereas skeletal muscle tissue develops from the myotome.
Multilocular adipocytes have multiple fat droplets.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a role in synthesizing lipids and carbohydrates; rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with protein synthesis.
Intermediate filaments are part of the cytoskeletal structure providing strength and support to cells.
Protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes are types of macroglia in the nervous system.
Ependymal cells line the central canal of the spinal cord and brain ventricles.
Neurons consist of dendrites, axon, and cell body.
Synapses are junctions between neurons or between neurons and other cells.
Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system.
Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

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Test your knowledge on cellular organelles and their functions. This quiz covers key concepts such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis. Understand the significance of intercellular junctions and the role of the nucleus in genetic information.