COPY: Cytokines Chapter 3

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What is the primary function of IL-2 in terms of cytokine-receptor interactions?

Endocrine signaling

Activation of B cells

T-cell activation (correct)

Induction of inflammatory responses

What is a characteristic of cytokines in terms of their production?

They are only produced by T cells

They are only involved in innate immunity

They require a stimulus for production (correct)

They can be produced constitutively

Which type of cytokine binding results in the activation of cells in the immediate vicinity?

Endocrine binding

Paracrine binding (correct)

Autocrine binding

Juxtacrine binding

Which of the following cytokine families includes IL-2 and IL-4?

Hematopoietin family Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of cytokines?

TH cells and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of cytokines secreted by TH cells?

Activation of B cells, CTLs, MΦ, and NK cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of acute phase of inflammation?

Accumulation of fluid and leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cytokine promotes systemic inflammation?

Proinflammatory cytokine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anti-inflammatory cytokines?

To reduce inflammation and promote healing Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in host responses?

To regulate host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on disease?

They make disease worse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines?

Proinflammatory cytokines promote inflammation, while anti-inflammatory cytokines reduce it Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature among the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7?

They share a common γ chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of cytokine binding to its receptor?

Aggregation of the receptors at the cell surface Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is activated by Th1 cells?

Cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytokines is not typically produced by Th2 cells?

IL-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of the cytokine IL-7?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of cytokine is IL-10?

Th2 cytokine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of JAKs in cytokine signaling?

To phosphorylate STATs and themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bacterial cell wall endotoxins on macrophages?

They stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1 and TNF-α. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Th2 cells in immune responses?

Activate B cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is a chemokine that primarily targets neutrophils and endothelial cells?

IL-8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a defective γ chain in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)?

Impaired cytokine signaling Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria can cause bacterial septic shock?

Gram-negative bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of phosphorylation of STATs by JAKs?

Dimerized STATs translocate to the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of bacterial septic shock?

A drop in blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacterial septic shock develops?

Bacterial cell wall endotoxins stimulate macrophages to overproduce IL-1 and TNF-α. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of cytokines in immune responses?

To initiate inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating bacterial septic shock?

Using antagonists to block the effects of IL-1 and TNF-α. Signup and view all the answers