Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?
- To recognize and respond to viral infections only
- To inhibit the activity of other immune cells
- To facilitate cell-to-cell communication and coordinate immune responses (correct)
- To recognize and eliminate foreign antigens directly
What is the term used to describe the proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication during immune responses?
What is the term used to describe the proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication during immune responses?
- Cytokines (correct)
- Interferons
- Chemokines
- Adhesion molecules
What is the primary mechanism by which cytokines exert their effects on immune cells?
What is the primary mechanism by which cytokines exert their effects on immune cells?
- Through the recognition of specific antigens
- Through direct cell-to-cell contact
- Through the activation of immune cell receptors
- Through the release of chemical signals (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytokines?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cytokines?
What is the term used to describe the process by which cytokines facilitate the interaction between immune cells?
What is the term used to describe the process by which cytokines facilitate the interaction between immune cells?
Which of the following cytokines is involved in the regulation of inflammation?
Which of the following cytokines is involved in the regulation of inflammation?
What is the primary function of cytokines in the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary function of cytokines in the adaptive immune response?
Which of the following is an example of a cytokine?
Which of the following is an example of a cytokine?
What is the term used to describe the study of cytokines and their role in the immune response?
What is the term used to describe the study of cytokines and their role in the immune response?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cytokine?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cytokine?
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Study Notes
Cytokines and Innate Immunity
- Cytokines are categorised into three main functions: Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity, and Hematopoiesis
- Cytokines that mediate and regulate Innate Immunity include:
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
- IL-1
- IL-6
- Chemokines
- Type I IFNs
- IL-12
- IL-15
- IL-18
- Mononuclear phagocytes are the principal source of cytokines for Innate Immunity
- Proinflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in Active recruitment of cells to the sites of infection, recognition of microbes, phagocytosis, and destruction
Cytokines and T-cell Biology
- The three elemental R's of T-cell biology are:
- Repertoire of clones
- Recognition phase
- Response phase
- Recognition of processed antigens involves peptide-MHC binding
- Cytokine production is a principal response of T cells to antigen recognition
- The response phase involves activation and effector phases, with TH1 cytokines (IFN-γ) playing a key role in the effector phase
Cytokine Classification
- Cytokines can be classified into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines based on their biological responses
- Cytokines mediate complex interactions among cells, including cell-to-cell communication
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