Cytokines 101

• Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins or small peptide molecules that transmit information between cells and have immune regulatory and effector functions.
• Cytokines can be secreted by various cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
• Cytokines can be classified into different types based on their source and function.
• Interleukins are mainly produced by lymphocytes and macrophages and are involved in immune response and inflammation.
• Interferons are mainly produced by virus-infected cells and have antiviral, antitumor, and immune regulatory effects.
• Tumor necrosis factor is mainly produced by macrophages and has effects such as killing tumor cells, activating endothelial cells, and inducing inflammation.
• Colony stimulating factors are mainly produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages and promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
• Transforming growth factor is mainly produced by platelets, fibroblasts, and macrophages and is involved in tissue repair, fibrosis, and immune suppression.
• Chemokines are mainly produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages and induce the migration of white blood cells to inflammatory sites.

Test your knowledge on cytokines - the small proteins that play big roles in immune regulation and effector functions. This quiz will cover the different types of cytokines, their sources, and functions. From interleukins to chemokines, you'll learn about the unique properties of each cytokine and their impact on the immune system. Challenge yourself with this quiz and become a cytokine expert!