Cytokine Mediators and Eosinophils Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of eosinophils in allergic reactions?

They release enzymes toxic to epithelial cells. (correct)

They amplify and sustain the immune response.

They decrease mucus secretion.

They directly induce bronchial contraction.

Which mediator is primarily targeted by drugs used in treating allergies?

Eosinophils

Leukotrienes

Histamine (correct)

Cytokines

What effect do leukotrienes have during an allergic reaction?

They cause vasodilation.

They inhibit eosinophil activation.

They reduce blood vessel permeability.

They contribute to bronchial contraction. (correct)

What is a common symptom associated with an allergic reaction?

Swelling and hives Signup and view all the answers

What role do cytokine mediators play in hypersensitivity reactions?

They promote immune cell activation. Signup and view all the answers

Which substance released by activated eosinophils is known to damage epithelial cells?

Major basic protein Signup and view all the answers

How do prostaglandins contribute to allergic responses?

They induce bronchospasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of increased blood vessel permeability during an allergic reaction?

Increased fluid leakage Signup and view all the answers

What role do leukotrienes play in bronchial contractions?

They contribute to bronchial contraction and inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytokines is primarily associated with enhancing Th2 responses in allergic reactions?

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mediators is NOT typically classified as a cytokine in hypersensitivity reactions?

Leukotrienes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment option for alleviating symptoms of allergic reactions?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What substance released by eosinophils can be found in the sputum of asthma patients?

Charcot-Leyden crystals Signup and view all the answers

How do eosinophils contribute to tissue damage in allergic responses?

By releasing proteolytic enzymes and proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cytokine mediator involved in the rapid response phase of an immune reaction?

TNF alpha Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of GM-CSF in allergic responses?

Stimulates the growth of eosinophils and basophils. Signup and view all the answers

What role do leukotrienes play during the rapid phase of an immune reaction?

Increased vascular permeability and dilatation Signup and view all the answers

How do prostaglandin D2 affect bronchial responses?

It increases mucous gland secretion. Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is considered the most potent eosinophil-activating cytokine in delayed phase reactions?

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for allergic reactions that involve delayed phase responses?

Broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs Signup and view all the answers

Eosinophils play a critical role in which type of immune responses?

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions only Signup and view all the answers

In the context of allergic asthma, what is a common consequence of the release of histamine during the rapid phase?

Increased airway resistance due to bronchial contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cytokine mentioned as part of the delayed phase of immune response?

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome associated with mast cell mediators during the rapid immune response?

Immediate bronchial smooth muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cytokine Mediators in Immune Response

Key cytokine mediators include TNF α, IL-1, IL-5, GM-CSF, and various chemokines.
Eosinophils contribute to tissue damage through the release of proteolytic enzymes and proteins.
Eosinophils and basophils play a role in activating mast cells.

Immune Reaction Response Phases

Immune response consists of two phases: a rapid phase and a delayed phase.

Rapid Phase

Occurs within 5-30 minutes after re-exposure to an antigen.
Histamine is a central mediator, leading to bronchial smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.
Leukotrienes contribute to vascular dilatation and fluid leakage.
Prostaglandin D2 enhances mucous gland secretion.
Charcot-Leyden crystals may be found in sputum of asthma patients, indicating eosinophil activation.

Delayed Phase

Happens 2-12 hours after re-exposure to the antigen.
Involves cytokines such as TNF, IL-5, and chemokines like eotaxin, which sustain the immune response.
IL-5 is a potent eosinophil-activating cytokine, recruiting eosinophils and basophils to the affected area.
Symptoms include edema (swelling) and urticaria (hives) due to increased vascular permeability.
Eosinophils release toxic proteins that harm epithelial cells, exacerbating allergic reactions.

Treatment of Allergic Disorders

Delayed phase symptoms often lead to significant issues in conditions like allergic asthma.
Treatment strategies include broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs, such as steroids, targeting the underlying inflammation rather than antihistamines, which primarily address immediate symptoms.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the role of cytokine mediators such as TNF α, IL-1, IL-5, and GM-CSF in immune responses. This quiz also explores the functions of eosinophils and basophils, including their involvement in tissue damage through enzyme release. Deepen your understanding of these crucial components of the immune system.