Cybersecurity Threats and Hacking Techniques

Types of Attacks

• Optical, electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI), power/clock/reset glitching, frequency/voltage tampering, and temperature attack are types of attacks.

Watering Hole Attack

• Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company by identifying frequently visited websites, searching for loopholes, and injecting a malicious script to redirect users and download malware.

Design Flaws in Authentication

• Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targeted a web application with design flaws in its authentication mechanism, such as verbose failure messages, which he used to perform social engineering.

SQL Injection Attacks

• Union SQL injection attack extends the results returned by the original query, enabling attackers to run two or more statements with the same structure.

Server-Side Includes Attack

• A Server-Side Includes (SSI) attack refers to the exploitation of a web application by injecting scripts in HTML pages or executing arbitrary code remotely, which is indicated by the presence of .shtml or .stm files on the web server.

Information Security Standards

• Bill, a penetration tester, is applicable to the PCI-DSS information security standard, which is relevant to the credit card industry.

Impersonation Attack

• Ralph, a professional hacker, targeted Jane by impersonating a legitimate customer support executive, gaining access to her company, and gathering sensitive information.

Cloud Technology

• Alex, a cloud security engineer, used Docker, an open-source technology that provides PaaS through OS-level virtualization, to isolate applications from the underlying infrastructure.

Security Measures

• Roma, a security team member, used whitelist validation to protect the internal network from imminent threats.

Injection Attacks

• Calvin's web application is susceptible to Server-Side Includes (SSI) injection attacks, which can lead to malicious activities such as modifying and erasing server files.

Vulnerability Assessment

• Martin, an administrator, performed a host-based vulnerability assessment on an existing system, identifying possibilities of compromise through user directories, registries, and system parameters.

Privilege Escalation

• The getsystem module can be used to escalate privileges on Windows systems using Metasploit.

VPN and ARP Spoofing

• Using a VPN can prevent intruders from sniffing traffic, and identifying ARP spoofing attacks can be done by checking for suspicious activity on the network.

DNS Footprinting

• Gerard, a disgruntled ex-employee, used DNS footprinting to gather information about DNS servers and identify hosts connected to the target network, and then exploited this information to launch other sophisticated attacks.

Wireless Network Attacks

• Breaking into a WPA3-encrypted wireless network can be done by exploiting the Dragonblood vulnerability.

Cloud Attacks

• Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services by infiltrating the MSP provider, gaining remote access to the cloud service, and accessing customer profiles.

Social Engineering

• Sam, a professional hacker, targeted an organization by using social engineering to compromise AWS IAM credentials.

Encryption Algorithm

• Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) is an encryption algorithm that uses three keys, each consisting of 56 bits, and every individual block contains 64-bit data.

Hidden Code

• Judy, a forum creator, discovered a hidden code behind strange images posted by a user, which could be a potential security threat.