CEH questions(3).pdf

1) Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service and wanted to move to another CSP. What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so? a) Lock-in b) Lock-down c) Lock-up d) Virtualization 2) Garry is a n...

1) Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service and wanted to move to another CSP. What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so? a) Lock-in b) Lock-down c) Lock-up d) Virtualization 2) Garry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote location. To manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB, which contains formal descriptions of all network objects managed by SNMP. He accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and Lseries.mib or by entering the DNS library name and Lseries.mib. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB that contains object types for workstations and server services. Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario? a) MIB_II.MIB b) DHCP.MIB c) WINS.MIB d) LNMIB2.MIB 3) Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network. What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer? a) Use a scan tool like Nessus b) Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings c) Use the built-in Windows Update tool d) Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation 4) Sam, a web developer, was instructed to incorporate a hybrid encryption software program into a web application to secure email messages. Sam used an encryption software, which is a free implementation of the OpenPGP standard that uses both symmetric-key cryptography and asymmetric-key cryptography for improved speed and secure key exchange. What is the encryption software employed by Sam for securing the email messages? a) PGP b) SMTP c) S/MIME d) GPG 5) An organization is performing a vulnerability assessment for mitigating threats. James, a pen tester, scanned the organization by building an inventory of the protocols found on the organization’s machines to detect which ports are attached to services such as an email server, a web server, or a database server. After identifying the services, he selected the vulnerabilities on each machine and started executing only the relevant tests.  What is the type of vulnerability assessment solution that James employed in the above scenario? a) Product-based solutions b) Service-based solutions c) Inference-based assessment d) Tree-based assessment 6) After an audit, the auditors inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service is this and how can you tackle the problem? a) The service is NTP, and you have to change it from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it. b) The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions. c) The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME, which is an encrypted way to send emails. d) The service is LDAP, and you must change it to 636, which is LDAPS. 7) Stella, a professional hacker, performs an attack on web services by exploiting a vulnerability that provides additional routing information in the SOAP header to support asynchronous communication. This further allows the transmission of web-service requests and response messages using different TCP connections. Which of the following attack techniques is used by Stella to compromise the web services? a) SOAPAction spoofing b) XML injection c) Web services parsing attacks d) WS-Address spoofing 8) When considering how an attacker may exploit a web server, what is web server footprinting? a) When an attacker gathers system-level data, including account details and server names b) When an attacker creates a complete profile of the site’s external links and file structures c) When an attacker uses a brute-force attack to crack a web-server password d) When an attacker implements a vulnerability scanner to identify weaknesses 9) Richard, an attacker, targets an MNC. In this process, he uses a footprinting technique to gather as much information as possible. Using this technique, he gathers domain information such as the target domain name, contact details of its owner, expiry date, and creation date. With this information, he creates a map of the organization’s network and misleads domain owners with social engineering to obtain internal details of its network. What type of footprinting technique is employed by Richard? a) VoIP footprinting b) VPN footprinting c) Whois footprinting d) Email footprinting 10) Which among the following is the best example of the hacking concept called “clearing tracks”? a) During a cyberattack, a hacker injects a rootkit into a server. b) During a cyberattack, a hacker corrupts the event logs on all machines. c) After a system is breached, a hacker creates a backdoor to allow re-entry into a system. d) An attacker gains access to a server through an exploitable vulnerability. 11) Bob wants to ensure that Alice can check whether his message has been tampered with. He creates a checksum of the message and encrypts it using asymmetric cryptography. What key does Bob use to encrypt the checksum for accomplishing this goal? a) Alice’s private key b) Alice’s public key c) His own private key d) His own public key 12) Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations. Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA. In this context, what can you say? a) Bob can be right since DMZ does not make sense when combined with stateless firewalls. b) Bob is partially right. DMZ does not make sense when a stateless firewall is available. c) Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and workstations. d) Bob is partially right. He does not need to separate networks if he can create rules by destination IPs, one by one. 13) What useful information is gathered during a successful Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) enumeration? a) The two internal commands VRFY and EXPN provide a confirmation of valid users, email addresses, aliases, and mailing lists. b) A list of all mail proxy server addresses used by the targeted host c) Reveals the daily outgoing message limits before mailboxes are locked d) The internal command RCPT provides a list of ports open to message traffic. 14) A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature? a) Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature b) Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature c) Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review d) Perform a vulnerability scan of the system 15) Robert, a professional hacker, is attempting to execute a fault injection attack on a target IoT device. In this process, he injects faults into the power supply that can be used for remote execution, also causing the skipping of key instructions. He also injects faults into the clock network used for delivering a synchronized signal across the chip. Which of the following types of fault injection attack is performed by Robert in the above scenario? a) Optical, electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) b) Power/clock/reset glitching c) Frequency/voltage tampering d) Temperature attack 16) Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim’s machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim’s machine. Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario? a) Watering hole attack b) DNS rebinding attack c) Clickjacking attack d) MarioNet attack 17) Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering. Which of the following design flaws in the authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin? a) Insecure transmission of credentials b) Verbose failure messages c) User impersonation d) Password reset mechanism 18) Which of the following types of SQL injection attacks extends the results returned by the original query, enabling attackers to run two or more statements if they have the same structure as the original one? a) Union SQL injection b) Boolean-based blind SQL injection c) Blind SQL injection d) Error-based injection 19) A “Server-Side Includes” attack refers to the exploitation of a web application by injecting scripts in HTML pages or executing arbitrary code remotely. Which web-page file type, if it exists on the web server, is a strong indication that the server is vulnerable to this kind of attack? a).rss b).stm c).cms d).html 20) Attacker Steve targeted an organization’s network with the aim of redirecting the company’s web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities in the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft? a) Pharming b) Skimming c) Wardriving d) Pretexting 21) Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company. The phishing message will often use the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing research to locate this information about a company is known as? a) Investigation b) Exploration c) Enumeration d) Reconnaissance 22) Jude, a pen tester working in Keiltech Ltd., performs sophisticated security testing on his company’s network infrastructure to identify security loopholes. In this process, he started to circumvent the network protection tools and firewalls used in the company. He employed a technique that can create forged TCP sessions by carrying out multiple SYN, ACK, and RST or FIN packets. Further, this process allowed Jude to execute DDoS attacks that can exhaust the network resources. What is the attack technique used by Jude for finding loopholes in the above scenario? a) Spoofed session flood attack b) Peer-to-peer attack c) Ping-of-death attack d) UDP flood attack 23) Harry, a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear- phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing? a) Preparation b) Initial intrusion c) Persistence d) Cleanup 24) Ricardo has discovered the username for an application in his target's environment. As he has a limited amount of time, he decides to attempt to use a list of common passwords hefound on the Internet. He compiles them into a list and then feeds that list as an argument into his password-cracking application. What type of attack is Ricardo performing? a) Known plaintext b) Dictionary c) Brute force d) Password spraying 25) A group of hackers were roaming around a bank office building in a city, driving a luxury car. They were using hacking tools on their laptop with the intention to find a free-access wireless network. What is this hacking process known as? a) Spectrum analysis b) GPS mapping c) Wardriving d) Wireless sniffing 26) A penetration tester is performing the footprinting process and is reviewing publicly available information about an organization by using the Google search engine. Which of the following advanced operators would allow the pen tester to restrict the search to the organization’s web domain? a) [location:] b) [allinurl:] c) [link:] d) [site:] 27) Sophia is a shopping enthusiast who spends significant time searching for trendy outfits online. Clark, an attacker, noticed her activities several times and sent a fake email containing a deceptive page link to her social media page displaying all-new and trendy outfits. In excitement, Sophia clicked on the malicious link and logged in to that page using her valid credentials. Which of the following tools is employed by Clark to create the spoofed email? a) Evilginx  b) PLCinject c) PyLoris d) Slowloris 28) To hide the file on a Linux system, you have to start the filename with a specific character. What is the character? a) Exclamation mark (!) b) Period (.) c) Tilde (~) d) Underscore (_) 29) Techno Security Inc. recently hired John as a penetration tester. He was tasked with identifying open ports in the target network and determining whether the ports are online and any firewall rule sets are encountered. John decided to perform a TCP SYN ping scan on the target network. Which of the following Nmap commands must John use to perform the TCP SYN ping scan? a) nmap –sn –PP < target IP address > b) nmap –sn –PO < target IP address > c) nmap –sn –PS < target IP address > d) nmap –sn –PA < target IP address > 30) Lewis, a professional hacker, targeted the IoT cameras and devices used by a target venture- capital firm. He used an information-gathering tool to collect information about the IoT devices connected to a network, open ports and services, and the attack surface area. Using this tool, he also generated statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. This tool helped Lewis continually monitor every reachable server and device on the Internet, further allowing him to exploit these devices in the network. Which of the following tools was employed by Lewis in the above scenario? a) NeuVector b) Lacework c) Wapiti d) Censys 31) An attacker can employ many methods to perform social engineering against unsuspecting employees, including scareware. What is the best example of a scareware attack? a) A pop-up appears to a user stating, “Your computer may have been infected with spyware. Click here to install an anti-spyware tool to resolve this issue.” b) A banner appears to a user stating, “Your Amazon order has been delayed. Click here to find out your new delivery date.” c) A banner appears to a user stating, “Your account has been locked. Click here to reset your password and unlock your account.” d) A pop-up appears to a user stating, “You have won a free cruise! Click here to claim your prize!” 32) Your organization has signed an agreement with a web hosting provider that requires you to take full responsibility of the maintenance of the cloud-based resources. Which of the following models covers this? a) Functions as a service b) Platform as a service c) Infrastructure as a service d) Software as a service 33) Clark, a professional hacker, attempted to perform a Btlejacking attack using an automated tool, BtleJack, and hardware tool, micro:bit. This attack allowed Clark to hijack, read, and export sensitive information shared between connected devices. To perform this attack, Clark executed various btlejack commands. Which of the following commands was used by Clark to hijack the connections? a) btlejack -c any b) btlejack -f 0x129f3244 -j c) btlejack -f 0x9c68fd30 -t -m 0x1fffffffff d) btlejack -d /dev/ttyACM0 -d /dev/ttyACM2 -s 34) Geena, a cloud architect, uses a master component in the Kubernetes cluster architecture that scans newly generated pods and allocates a node to them. This component can also assign nodes based on factors such as the overall resource requirement, data locality, software/hardware/policy restrictions, and internal workload interventions. Which of the following master components is explained in the above scenario? a) Etcd cluster b) Kube-apiserver c) Kube-scheduler d) Kube-controller-manager 35) According to the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, which of the following provides connectivity and transport services to consumers? a) Cloud carrier b) Cloud connector c) Cloud provider d) Cloud broker 36) Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization's perimeter and attempted to intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario? a) Application assessment b) Wireless network assessment  c) Host-based assessment d) Distributed assessment 37) BitLocker encryption has been implemented for all the Windows-based computers in an organization. You are concerned that someone might lose their cryptographic key. Therefore, a mechanism was implemented to recover the keys from Active Directory. What is this mechanism called in cryptography? a) Key renewal b) Key archival c) Key escrow d) Certificate rollover 38) Attacker Simon targeted the communication network of an organization and disabled the security controls of NetNTLMv1 by modifying the values of LMCompatibilityLevel, NTLMMinClientSec, and RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic. He then extracted all the non-network logon tokens from all the active processes to masquerade as a legitimate user to launch further attacks. What is the type of attack performed by Simon? a) Rainbow table attack b) Combinator attack c) Internal monologue attack d) Dictionary attack 39) Peter, a system administrator working at a reputed IT firm, decided to work from his home and login remotely. Later, he anticipated that the remote connection could be exposed to session hijacking. To curb this possibility, he implemented a technique that creates a safe and encrypted tunnel over a public network to securely send and receive sensitive information and prevent hackers from decrypting the data flow between the endpoints. What is the technique followed by Peter to send files securely through a remote connection? a) Switch network b) SMB signing c) VPN d) DMZ 40) Shiela is an information security analyst working at HiTech Security Solutions. She is performing service version discovery using Nmap to obtain information about the running services and their versions on a target system. Which of the following Nmap options must she use to perform service version discovery on the target host? a) -sV b) -sN c) -sX d) -sF 41) Jane invites her friends Alice and John over for a LAN party. Alice and John access Jane's wireless network without a password. However, Jane has a long, complex password on her router. What attack has likely occurred? a) Evil twin b) Wireless sniffing c) Wardriving d) Piggybacking 42) Allen, a professional pen tester, was hired by XpertTech Solutions to perform an attack simulation on the organization’s network resources. To perform the attack, he took advantage of the NetBIOS API and targeted the NetBIOS service. By enumerating NetBIOS, he found that port 139 was open and could see the resources that could be accessed or viewed on a remote system. He came across many NetBIOS codes during enumeration. Identify the NetBIOS code used for obtaining the messenger service running for the logged-in user? a) b) c) d) 43) Elante company has recently hired James as a penetration tester. He was tasked with performing enumeration on an organization’s network. In the process of enumeration, James discovered a service that is accessible to external sources. This service runs directly on port 21. What is the service enumerated by James in the above scenario? a) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) b) Remote procedure call (RPC) c) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) d) Network File System (NFS) 44) Mason, a professional hacker, targets an organization and spreads Emotet malware through malicious script. After infecting the victim’s device, Mason further used Emotet to spread the infection across local networks and beyond to compromise as many machines as possible. In this process, he used a tool, which is a self-extracting RAR file, to retrieve information related to network resources such as writable share drives. What is the tool employed by Mason in the above scenario? a) Credential enumerator b) WebBrowserPassView c) NetPass.exe d) Outlook scraper 45) Leverox Solutions hired Arnold, a security professional, for the threat intelligence process. Arnold collected information about specific threats against the organization. From this information, he retrieved contextual information about security events and incidents that  helped him disclose potential risks and gain insight into attacker methodologies. He collected the information from sources such as humans, social media, and chat rooms as well as from events that resulted in cyberattacks. In this process, he also prepared a report that includes identified malicious activities, recommended courses of action, and warnings for emerging attacks. What is the type of threat intelligence collected by Arnold in the above scenario? a) Technical threat intelligence b) Strategic threat intelligence c) Tactical threat intelligence d) Operational threat intelligence 46) Kate dropped her phone and subsequently encountered an issue with the phone’s internal speaker. Thus, she is using the phone’s loudspeaker for phone calls and other activities. Bob, an attacker, takes advantage of this vulnerability and secretly exploits the hardware of Kate’s phone so that he can monitor the loudspeaker’s output from data sources such as voice assistants, multimedia messages, and audio files by using a malicious app to breach speech privacy. What is the type of attack Bob performed on Kate in the above scenario? a) Spearphone attack b) Man-in-the-disk attack c) SIM card attack d) aLTEr attack 47) The security team of Debry Inc. decided to upgrade Wi-Fi security to thwart attacks such as dictionary attacks and key recovery attacks. For this purpose, the security team started implementing cutting-edge technology that uses a modern key establishment protocol called the simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE), also known as dragonfly key exchange, which replaces the PSK concept. What is the Wi-Fi encryption technology implemented by Debry Inc.? a) WPA b) WPA2 c) WPA3 d) WEP 48) Which of the following Google advanced search operators helps an attacker in gathering information about websites that are similar to a specified target URL? a) [inurl:] b) [info:] c) [site:] d) [related:] 49) Kevin, an encryption specialist, implemented a technique that enhances the security of keys used for encryption and authentication. Using this technique, Kevin input an initial key to an algorithm that generated an enhanced key that is resistant to brute-force attacks.  What is the technique employed by Kevin to improve the security of encryption keys? a) Key reinstallation b) Public key infrastructure c) Key derivation function d) Key stretching 50) Jake, a professional hacker, installed spyware on a target iPhone to spy on the target user’s activities. He can take complete control of the target mobile device by jailbreaking the device remotely and record audio, capture screenshots, and monitor all phone calls and SMS messages. What is the type of spyware that Jake used to infect the target device? a) Androrat b) Trident c) Zscaler d) DroidSheep 51) Which wireless security protocol replaces the personal pre-shared key (PSK) authentication with Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) and is therefore resistant to offline dictionary attacks? a) Bluetooth b) ZigBee c) WPA3-Personal d) WPA2-Enterprise 52) Scenario: Joe turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL www.bank.com, the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different. What type of attack he is experiencing? a) ARP cache poisoning b) DNS hijacking c) DoS attack d) DHCP spoofing 53) Which Nmap switch helps evade IDS or firewalls? a) -D b) -T c) -oN/-oX/-oG d) -n/-R 54) Jack, a disgruntled ex-employee of Incalsol Ltd., decided to inject fileless malware into Incalsol’s systems. To deliver the malware, he used the current employees’ email IDs to send fraudulent emails embedded with malicious links that seem to be legitimate. When a victim employee clicks  on the link, they are directed to a fraudulent website that automatically loads Flash and triggers the exploit. What is the technique used by Jack to launch the fileless malware on the target systems? a) Phishing b) Legitimate applications c) In-memory exploits d) Script-based injection 55) Ben purchased a new smartphone and received some updates on it through the OTA method. He received two messages: one with a PIN from the network operator and another asking him to enter the PIN received from the operator. As soon as he entered the PIN, the smartphone started functioning in an abnormal manner. What is the type of attack performed on Ben in the above scenario? a) Tap ’n ghost attack b) Phishing c) Bypass SSL pinning d) Advanced SMS phishing 56) Bill has been hired as a penetration tester and cyber security auditor for a major credit card company. Which information security standard is most applicable to his role? a) HITECH b) Sarbanes–Oxley Act c) FISMA d) PCI-DSS 57) Ralph, a professional hacker, targeted Jane, who had recently bought new systems for her company. After a few days, Ralph contacted Jane while masquerading as a legitimate customer support executive, informing that her systems need to be serviced for proper functioning and that customer support will send a computer technician. Jane promptly replied positively. Ralph entered Jane’s company using this opportunity and gathered sensitive information by scanning terminals for passwords, searching for important documents in desks, and rummaging bins. What is the type of attack technique Ralph used on Jane? a) Shoulder surfing b) Eavesdropping c) Dumpster diving d) Impersonation 58) Alex, a cloud security engineer working in Eyecloud Inc. is tasked with isolating applications from the underlying infrastructure and stimulating communication via well-defined channels. For this purpose, he used an open-source technology that helped him in developing, packaging, and running applications; further, the technology provides PaaS through OS-level virtualization, delivers containerized software packages, and promotes fast software delivery.  What is the cloud technology employed by Alex in the above scenario? a) Virtual machine b) Serverless computing c) Docker d) Zero trust network 59) Roma is a member of a security team. She was tasked with protecting the internal network of an organization from imminent threats. To accomplish this task, Roma fed threat intelligence into the security devices in a digital format to block and identify inbound and outbound malicious traffic entering the organization’s network. Which type of threat intelligence is used by Roma to secure the internal network? a) Operational threat intelligence b) Tactical threat intelligence c) Strategic threat intelligence d) Technical threat intelligence 60) Henry is a penetration tester who works for XYZ organization. While performing enumeration on a client organization, he queries the DNS server for a specific cached DNS record. Further, by using this cached record, he determines the sites recently visited by the organization’s user. What is the enumeration technique used by Henry on the organization? a) DNS cache snooping b) DNS cache poisoning c) DNSSEC zone walking d) DNS zone walking 61) This type of injection attack does not show any error message. It is difficult to exploit as it returns information when the application is given SQL payloads that elicit a true or false response from the server. By observing the response, an attacker can extract sensitive information. What type of attack is this? a) Error-based SQL injection b) Time-based SQL injection c) Union SQL injection d) Blind SQL injection 62) What type of virus is most likely to remain undetected by antivirus software? a) Stealth virus b) Macro virus c) File-extension virus d) Cavity virus 63) Jane is working as a security professional at CyberSol Inc. She was tasked with ensuring the authentication and integrity of messages being transmitted in the corporate network. To encrypt the messages, she implemented a security model in which every user in the network maintains a ring of public keys. In this model, a user needs to encrypt a message using the receiver’s public key, and only the receiver can decrypt the message using their private key. What is the security model implemented by Jane to secure corporate messages? a) Transport Layer Security (TLS) b) Web of trust (WOT) c) Secure Socket Layer (SSL) d) Zero trust network 64) Which type of attack attempts to overflow the content-addressable memory (CAM) table in an Ethernet switch? a) DDoS attack b) MAC flooding c) DNS cache flooding d) Evil twin attack 65) Jude, a pen tester, examined a network from a hacker’s perspective to identify exploits and vulnerabilities accessible to the outside world by using devices such as firewalls, routers, and servers. In this process, he also estimated the threat of network security attacks and determined the level of security of the corporate network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Jude performed on the organization? a) External assessment b) Application assessment c) Host-based assessment d) Passive assessment 66) John, a security analyst working for an organization, found a critical vulnerability on the organization’s LAN that allows him to view financial and personal information about the rest of the employees. Before reporting the vulnerability, he examines the information shown by the vulnerability for two days without disclosing any information to third parties or other internal employees. He does so out of curiosity about the other employees and may take advantage of this information later. What would John be considered as? a) Cybercriminal b) Black hat c) White hat d) Gray hat 67) Which type of malware spreads from one system to another or from one network to another and causes similar types of damage as viruses do to the infected system? a) Trojan  b) Worm c) Rootkit d) Adware 68) An incident investigator asks to receive a copy of the event logs from all firewalls, proxy servers, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on the network of an organization that has experienced a possible breach of security. When the investigator attempts to correlate the information in all of the logs, the sequence of many of the logged events do not match up. What is the most likely cause? a) The security breach was a false positive. b) The network devices are not all synchronized. c) The attacker altered or erased events from the logs. d) Proper chain of custody was not observed while collecting the logs. 69) John, a professional hacker, targeted CyberSol Inc., an MNC. He decided to discover the IoT devices connected in the target network that are using default credentials and are vulnerable to various hijacking attacks. For this purpose, he used an automated tool to scan the target network for specific types of IoT devices and detect whether they are using the default, factory- set credentials. What is the tool employed by John in the above scenario? a) IoTSeeker b) Azure IoT Central c) AT&T IoT Platform d) IoT Inspector 70) Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities in the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a few countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server. Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server? a) Enable unused default user accounts created during the installation of an OS b) Enable all non-interactive accounts that should exist but do not require interactive login c) Retain all unused modules and application extensions d) Limit the administrator or root-level access to the minimum number of users 71) An organization decided to harden its security against web-application and web-server attacks. John, a security personnel in the organization, employed a security scanner to automate web- application security testing and to guard the organization’s web infrastructure against web- application threats. Using that tool, he also wants to detect XSS, directory transversal problems, fault injection, SQL injection, attempts to execute commands, and several other attacks. Which of the following security scanners will help John perform the above task? a) Saleae Logic Analyzer b) Syhunt Hybrid  c) AlienVault® OSSIM™ d) Cisco ASA 72) Samuel, a professional hacker, monitored and intercepted already established traffic between Bob and a host machine to predict Bob’s ISN. Using this ISN, Samuel sent spoofed packets with Bob’s IP address to the host machine. The host machine responded with a packet having an incremented ISN. Consequently, Bob’s connection got hung, and Samuel was able to communicate with the host machine on behalf of Bob. What is the type of attack performed by Samuel in the above scenario? a) Forbidden attack b) TCP/IP hijacking c) UDP hijacking d) Blind hijacking 73) Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company’s IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks. Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks. What is the countermeasure Mike applied to defend against jamming and scrambling attacks? a) Implement cognitive radios in the physical layer b) Disable TCP SYN cookie protection c) Allow the transmission of all types of addressed packets at the ISP level d) Allow the usage of functions such as gets and strcpy 74) Which of the following web vulnerabilities would an attacker be attempting to exploit if they delivered the following input? ] > a) IDOR b) SQLi c) XXE d) XXS 75) Stephen, an attacker, targeted the industrial control systems of an organization. He generated a fraudulent email with a malicious attachment and sent it to employees of the target organization. An employee who manages the sales software of the operational plant opened the fraudulent email and clicked on the malicious attachment. This resulted in the malicious attachment being downloaded and malware being injected into the sales software maintained in the victim’s system. Further, the malware propagated itself to other networked systems, finally damaging the industrial automation components. What is the attack technique used by Stephen to damage the industrial systems? a) HMI-based attack b) Reconnaissance attack c) Spear-phishing attack  d) SMishing attack 76) You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade IDS? a) nmap -sP -p-65535 -T5 b) nmap -A --host-timeout 99 -T1 c) nmap -sT -O -T0 d) nmap -A – Pn 77) What information security law or standard aims at protecting stakeholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent activities within organizations? a) ISO/IEC 27001:2013 b) PCI-DSS c) FISMA d) SOX 78) Dayn, an attacker, wanted to detect if any honeypots are installed in a target network. For this purpose, he used a time-based TCP fingerprinting method to validate the response to a normal computer and the response of a honeypot to a manual SYN request. Which of the following techniques is employed by Dayn to detect honeypots? a) Detecting the presence of Sebek-based honeypots b) Detecting the presence of Snort_inline honeypots c) Detecting honeypots running on VMware d) Detecting the presence of Honeyd honeypots 79) Harris is attempting to identify the OS running on his target machine. He inspected the initial TTL in the IP header and the related TCP window size and obtained the following results: TTL: 64 Window Size: 5840 What is the OS running on the target machine? a) Mac OS b) Linux OS c) Solaris OS d) Windows OS 80) Thomas, a cloud security professional, is performing security assessment on cloud services to identify any loopholes. He detects a vulnerability in a bare-metal cloud server that can enable hackers to implant malicious backdoors in its firmware. He also identified that an installed backdoor can persist even if the server is reallocated to new clients or businesses that use it as an IaaS.  What is the type of cloud attack that can be performed by exploiting the vulnerability discussed in the above scenario? a) Cloudborne attack b) Cloud cryptojacking c) Metadata spoofing attack d) Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack 81) Given below are different steps involved in the vulnerability-management life cycle. i) Remediation ii) Identify assets and create a baseline iii) Verification iv) Monitor v) Vulnerability scan vi) Risk assessment Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in vulnerability management. a) 1-->2-->3-->4-->5-->6 b) 2-->4-->5-->3-->6-->1 c) 2-->1-->5-->6-->4-->3 d) 2-->5-->6-->1-->3-->4 82) Becky has been hired by a client from Dubai to perform a penetration test against one of their remote offices. Working from her location in Columbus, Ohio, Becky runs her usual reconnaissance scans to obtain basic information about their network. When analyzing the results of her Whois search, Becky notices that the IP was allocated to a location in Le Havre, France. Which regional Internet registry should Becky go to for detailed information? a) APNIC b) ARIN c) RIPE d) LACNIC 83) Ron, a security professional, was pen testing web applications and SaaS platforms used by his company. While testing, he found a vulnerability that allows hackers to gain unauthorized access to API objects and perform actions such as view, update, and delete sensitive data of the company. What is the API vulnerability revealed in the above scenario? a) Business logic flaws b) No ABAC validation c) Code injections d) Improper use of CORS 84) A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from  the software vendor for several months prior to the intrusion. This is likely a failure in which of the following security processes? a) Patch management b) Security awareness training c) Vendor risk management d) Secure development lifecycle 85) Louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity and navigate anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases. After gathering the information, he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without being traced. Which of the following techniques is described in the above scenario? a) VoIP footprinting b) Dark web footprinting c) Website footprinting d) VPN footprinting 86) You have been authorized to perform a penetration test against a website. You want to use Google dorks to footprint the site but only want results that show file extensions. What Google dork operator would you use? a) filetype b) site c) ext d) inurl 87) Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task? a) UDP scan b) ACK flag probe scan c) ARP ping scan d) TCP Maimon scan 88) Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization? a) Credentialed assessment b) External assessment c) Internal assessment d) Passive assessment 89) An attacker identified that a user and an access point are both compatible with WPA2 and WPA3 encryption. The attacker installed a rogue access point with only WPA2 compatibility in the vicinity and forced the victim to go through the WPA2 four-way handshake to get connected. After the connection was established, the attacker used automated tools to crack WPA2- encrypted messages. What is the attack performed in the above scenario? a) Downgrade security attack b) Side-channel attack c) Cache-based attack d) Timing-based attack 90) Miley, a professional hacker, decided to attack a target organization’s network. To perform the attack, she used a tool to send fake ARP messages over the target network to link her MAC address with the target system’s IP address. By performing this, Miley received messages directed to the victim’s MAC address and further used the tool to intercept, steal, modify, and block sensitive communication to the target system. What is the tool employed by Miley to perform the above attack? a) BetterCAP b) Wireshark c) Gobbler d) DerpNSpoof 91) Which of the following allows attackers to draw a map or outline the target organization’s network infrastructure to know about the actual environment that they are going to hack. a) Scanning networks b) Vulnerability analysis c) Enumeration d) Malware analysis 92) Which among the following is the best example of the third step (delivery) in the cyber kill chain? a) An intruder’s malware is installed on a target’s machine. b) An intruder sends a malicious attachment via email to a target. c) An intruder creates malware to be used as a malicious attachment to an email. d) An intruder’s malware is triggered when a target opens a malicious email attachment. 93) What is the following command used for? sqlmap.py -u "http://10.10.1.20/?p=1&forumaction=search" –dbs a) Searching database statements at the IP address given b) Retrieving SQL statements being executed on the database c) Enumerating the databases in the DBMS for the URL d) Creating backdoors using SQL injection 94) CyberTech Inc. recently experienced SQL injection attacks on its official website. The company appointed Bob, a security professional, to build and incorporate defensive strategies against such attacks. Bob adopted a practice whereby only a list of entities such as the data type, range, size, and value, which have been approved for secured access, is accepted. What is the defensive technique employed by Bob in the above scenario? a) Enforce least privileges b) Blacklist validation c) Whitelist validation d) Output encoding 95) Calvin, a software developer, uses a feature that helps him auto-generate the content of a web page without manual involvement and is integrated with SSI directives. This leads to a vulnerability in the developed web application as this feature accepts remote user inputs and uses them on the page. Hackers can exploit this feature and pass malicious SSI directives as input values to perform malicious activities such as modifying and erasing server files. What is the type of injection attack Calvin’s web application is susceptible to? a) Server-side JS injection b) Server-side includes injection c) Server-side template injection d) CRLF injection 96) A newly joined employee, Janet, has been allocated an existing system used by a previous employee. Before issuing the system to Janet, it was assessed by Martin, the administrator. Martin found that there were possibilities of compromise through user directories, registries, and other system parameters. He also identified vulnerabilities such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Martin? a) Distributed assessment b) Credentialed assessment c) Database assessment d) Host-based assessment 97) Which of the following Metasploit post-exploitation modules can be used to escalate privileges on Windows systems? a) autoroute b) getuid c) getsystem d) keylogrecorder 98) You are using a public Wi-Fi network inside a coffee shop. Before surfing the web, you use your VPN to prevent intruders from sniffing your traffic. If you did not have a VPN, how would you identify whether someone is performing an ARP spoofing attack on your laptop?  a) You should scan the network using Nmap to check the MAC addresses of all the hosts and look for duplicates. b) You should use netstat to check for any suspicious connections with another IP address within the LAN. c) You should check your ARP table and see if there is one IP address with two different MAC addresses. d) You cannot identify such an attack and must use a VPN to protect your traffic. 99) Which rootkit is characterized by its function of adding code and/or replacing some of the operating-system kernel code to obscure a backdoor on a system? a) Kernel-level rootkit b) Hypervisor-level rootkit c) Library-level rootkit d) User-mode rootkit 100) Juliet, a security researcher in an organization, was tasked with checking for the authenticity of images to be used in the organization’s magazines. She used these images as a search query and tracked the original source and details of the images, which included photographs, profile pictures, and memes. Which of the following footprinting techniques did Rachel use to finish her task? a) Advanced image search b) Reverse image search c) Meta search engines d) Google advanced search 101) George, an employee of an organization, is attempting to access restricted websites from an official computer. For this purpose, he used an anonymizer that masked his real IP address and ensured complete and continuous anonymity for all his online activities. Which of the following anonymizers helps George hide his activities? a) https://www.baidu.com b) https://www.wolframalpha.com c) http://karmadecay.com d) http://www.guardster.com 102) Jacob works as a system administrator in an organization. He wants to extract the source code of a mobile application and disassemble the application to analyze its design flaws. Using this technique, he wants to fix any bugs in the application, discover underlying vulnerabilities, and improve defense strategies against attacks. What is the technique used by Jacob in the above scenario to improve the security of the mobile application? a) App sandboxing b) Jailbreaking c) Reverse engineering  d) Social engineering 103) Consider the following Nmap output: Starting Nmap X.XX (http://nmap.org) at XXX-XX-XX XX:XX EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.42 Host is up (0.00023s latency). Not shown: 932 filtered ports, 56 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 110/tcp open pop3 143/tcp open imap 443/tcp open https 465/tcp open smtps 587/tcp open submission 993/tcp open imaps 995/tcp open pop3s Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.90 seconds What command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server? a) -sS b) -sV c) -V d) -Pn 104) You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package requires three separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet. What is the recommended architecture in terms of server placement? a) A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server on the internal network b) All three servers need to be placed internally c) A web server and the database server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network d) All three servers need to face the Internet so that they can communicate between themselves 105) In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses. What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?  a) Psiphon b) Orbot c) CeWL d) Shadowsocks 106) Morris, an attacker, wanted to check whether the target AP is in a locked state. He attempted using different utilities to identify WPS-enabled APs in the target wireless network. Ultimately, he succeeded with one special command-line utility. Which of the following command-line utilities allowed Morris to discover the WPS-enabled APs? a) net view b) ntptrace c) wash d) macof 107) Jack, a professional hacker, targets an organization and performs vulnerability scanning on the target web server to identify any possible weaknesses, vulnerabilities, and misconfigurations. In this process, Jack uses an automated tool that eases his work and performs vulnerability scanning to find hosts, services, and other vulnerabilities in the target server. Which of the following tools is used by Jack to perform vulnerability scanning? a) Netsparker b) Infoga c) WebCopier Pro d) NCollector Studio 108) Mary, a penetration tester, has found password hashes in a client system she managed to breach. She needs to use these passwords to continue with the test, but she does not have time to find the passwords that correspond to these hashes. Which type of attack can she implement in order to continue? a) Pass the hash b) Internal monologue attack c) Pass the ticket d) LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning 109) Gregory, a professional penetration tester working at Sys Security Ltd., is tasked with performing a security test of web applications used in the company. For this purpose, Gregory uses a tool to test for any security loopholes by hijacking a session between a client and server. This tool has a feature of intercepting proxy that can be used to inspect and modify the traffic between the browser and target application. This tool can also perform customized attacks and can be used to test the randomness of session tokens. Which of the following tools is used by Gregory in the above scenario? a) Burp Suite b) Wireshark c) CxSAST  d) Nmap 110) ____________ is a type of phishing that targets high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities who have access to confidential and highly valuable information. a) Vishing b) Spear phishing c) Whaling d) Phishing 111) An attacker decided to crack the passwords used by industrial control systems. In this process, he employed a loop strategy to recover these passwords. He used one character at a time to check whether the first character entered is correct; if so, he continued the loop for consecutive characters. If not, he terminated the loop. Furthermore, the attacker checked how much time the device took to finish one complete password authentication process, through which he deduced how many characters entered are correct. What is the attack technique employed by the attacker to crack the passwords of the industrial control systems? a) Denial-of-service attack b) Buffer overflow attack c) Side-channel attack d) HMI-based attack 112) Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords. Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords? a) netcat b) John the Ripper c) THC-Hydra d) Hashcat 113) Tony wants to integrate a 128-bit symmetric block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits into a software program, which involves 32 rounds of computational operations that include substitution and permutation operations on four 32-bit word blocks using 8-variable S-boxes with 4-bit entry and 4-bit exit. Which of the following algorithms includes all the above features and can be integrated by Tony into the software program? a) TEA b) Serpent c) CAST-128 d) RC5 114) Which is the first step followed by Vulnerability Scanners for scanning a network? a) TCP / UDP Port scanning b) Checking if the remote host is alive c) OS Detection d) Firewall detection 115) What would be the purpose of running “wget 192.168.0.15 -q -S” against a web server? a) Using wget to perform banner grabbing on the webserver b) Downloading all the contents of the web page locally for further examination c) Performing content enumeration on the web server to discover hidden folders d) Flooding the web server with requests to perform a DoS attack 116) James is working as an ethical hacker at Technix Solutions. The management ordered James to discover how vulnerable its network is towards footprinting attacks. James took the help of an open-source framework for performing automated reconnaissance activities. This framework helped James in gathering information using free tools and resources. What is the framework used by James to conduct footprinting and reconnaissance activities? a) OSINT framework b) Browser Exploitation Framework c) SpeedPhish Framework d) WebSploit Framework 117) While performing an Nmap scan against a host, Paola determines the existence of a firewall. In an attempt to determine whether the firewall is stateful or stateless, which of the following options would be best to use? a) -sT b) -sX c) -sA d) -sF 118) A security analyst uses Zenmap to perform an ICMP timestamp ping scan to acquire information related to the current time from the target host machine. Which of the following Zenmap options must the analyst use to perform the ICMP timestamp ping scan? a) -Pn b) -PU c) -PY d) -PP 119) Which of the following tactics uses malicious code to redirect users’ web traffic? a) Pharming b) Spimming  c) Phishing d) Spear-phishing 120) Josh has finished scanning a network and has discovered multiple vulnerable services. He knows that several of these usually have protections against external sources but are frequently susceptible to internal users. He decides to draft an email, spoof the sender as the internal IT team, and attach a malicious file disguised as a financial spreadsheet. Before Josh sends the email, he decides to investigate other methods of getting the file onto the system. For this particular attempt, what was the last stage of the cyber kill chain that Josh performed? a) Reconnaissance b) Exploitation c) Weaponization d) Delivery 121) An attacker utilizes a Wi-Fi Pineapple to run an access point with a legitimate-looking SSID for a nearby business in order to capture the wireless password. What kind of attack is this? a) Evil-twin attack b) War driving attack c) Phishing attack d) MAC spoofing attack 122) Rebecca, a security professional, wants to authenticate employees who use web services for safe and secure communication. In this process, she employs a component of the Web Service Architecture, which is an extension of SOAP, and it can maintain the integrity and confidentiality of SOAP messages. Which of the following components of the Web Service Architecture is used by Rebecca for securing the communication? a) WS-Work Processes b) WS-Security c) WSDL d) WS-Policy 123) Harper, a software engineer, is developing an email application. To ensure the confidentiality of email messages, Harper uses a symmetric-key block cipher having a classical 12- or 16-round Feistel network with a block size of 64 bits for encryption, which includes large 8 × 32-bit S-boxes (S1, S2, S3, S4) based on bent functions, modular addition and subtraction, key- dependent rotation, and XOR operations. This cipher also uses a masking key (Km1) and a rotation key (Kr1) for performing its functions. What is the algorithm employed by Harper to secure the email messages? a) GOST block cipher b) DES c) AES d) CAST-128 124) Mirai malware targets IoT devices. After infiltration, it uses them to propagate and create botnets that are then used to launch which types of attack? a) DDoS attack b) Password attack c) MITM attack d) Birthday attack 125) Eric, a cloud security engineer, implements a technique for securing the cloud resources used by his organization. This technique assumes by default that a user attempting to access the network is not an authentic entity and verifies every incoming connection before allowing access to the network. Using this technique, he also imposed conditions such that employees can access only the resources required for their role. What is the technique employed by Eric to secure cloud resources? a) Container technology b) Serverless computing c) Demilitarized zone d) Zero trust network 126) While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the "dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder higher up in the folder structure of the server. What kind of attack is possible in this scenario? a) SQL injection b) Cross-site scripting c) Directory traversal d) Denial of service 127) Sam is a penetration tester hired by Inception Tech, a security organization. He was asked to perform port scanning on a target host in the network. While performing the given task, Sam sends FIN/ACK probes and determines that an RST packet is sent in response by the target host, indicating that port is closed. What is the port scanning technique used by Sam to discover open ports? a) IDLE/PID header scan b) ACK flag probe scan c) Xmas scan d) TCP Maimon scan 128) Daniel is a professional hacker who is attempting to perform an SQL injection attack on a target website, www.moviescope.com. During this process, he encountered an IDS that detects SQL injection attempts based on predefined signatures. To evade any comparison statement, he attempted placing characters such as “” or ‘1’=‘1’” in any basic injection statement such as "or 1=1." Identify the evasion technique used by Daniel in the above scenario. a) IP fragmentation b) Null byte c) Char encoding d) Variation 129) This wireless security protocol allows 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and cryptographic tools to protect sensitive data, such as GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA384, and ECDSA using a 384-bit elliptic curve. Which is this wireless security protocol? a) WPA3-Enterprise b) WPA2-Personal c) WPA3-Personal d) WPA2-Enterprise 130) Heather's company has decided to use a new customer relationship management tool. After performing the appropriate research, they decided to purchase a subscription to a cloud-hosted solution. The only administrative task that Heather will need to perform is the management of user accounts. The provider will take care of the hardware, operating system, and software  administration including patching and monitoring. Which of the following is this type of solution? a) PaaS b) CaaS c) SaaS d) Laas 131) Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas? a) Black hat b) White hat c) Red hat d) Gray hat 132) Gerard, a disgruntled ex-employee of Sunglass IT Solutions, targets this organization to perform sophisticated attacks and bring down its reputation in the market. To launch the attacks process, he performed DNS footprinting to gather information about DNS servers and to identify the hosts connected in the target network. He used an automated tool that can retrieve information about DNS zone data including DNS domain names, computer names, IP addresses, DNS records, and network Whois records. He further exploited this information to launch other sophisticated attacks. What is the tool employed by Gerard in the above scenario? a) Towelroot b) Bluto c) Knative d) ZANTI 133) You are a penetration tester tasked with testing the wireless network of your client Brakeme SA. You are attempting to break into the wireless network with the SSID Brakeme-Internal You realize that this network uses WPA3 encryption. Which of the following vulnerabilities is the promising to exploit? a) Key reinstallation attack b) Cross site request forgery c) AP misconfiguration d) Dragonblood 134) Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services. She infiltrated the target's MSP provider gain remote access to the cloud service. Further, she accessed the target customer profiles with her MSP account, compressed the customer data, and stored them in the MSP. Then, she used this information to by sending spear-phishing emails and distributed  custom-made malware to compromise user accounts and launch further attacks on the target organization. Which of the following cloud attacks did Alice perform in the above scenario? a) Cloudborne attack b) Cloud cryptojacking c) Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack d) Cloud hopper attack 135) John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization. In the attack process, the professional hacker installed a scanner on a machine belonging to one of the victims and scanned several machines on the same network to identify vulnerabilities to perform further exploitation. What is the type of vulnerability assessment tool employed by john in the above scenario? a) Proxy scanner b) Agent-based scanner c) Cluster scanner d) Network-based scanner 136) Bob, an attacker, has managed to access a target loT device. He employed an online tool to gather information related to the model of the loT device and the certifications granted to it. Which of the following tools did Bob employ to gather the above information? a) EarthExplorer b) Google image search c) FCC ID search d) search.com 137) There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer's resources are from those of other customers. Shared environments share the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations expenses. One solution is for a customer to join with a group of users or organizations to share a cloud environment. What is this cloud deployment option called? a) Community b) Public c) Private d) Hybrid 138) What is the common name for a vulnerability disclosure program opened by companies in platforms such as HackerOne? a) Vulnerability hunting program b) White-hat hacking program c) Bug bounty program d) Ethical hacking program 139) Scenario: 1. Victim opens the attacker's web site. 2. Attacker sets up a web site which contains interesting and attractive content like 'Do you want to make $1000 in a day?". 3. Victim clicks to the interesting and attractive content URL. 4. Attacker creates a transparent 'iframe' in front of the URL which the victim attempts to click, so the victim thinks that he/she clicks on the ' Do you want to make $1000 in a day?" URL but actually he/she clicks on the content or URL that exists in the transparent 'iframe' which is setup by the attacker. What is the name of the attack which is mentioned in the scenario? a) Session Fixation b) Clickjacking Attack c) HTML Injection d) HTTP Parameter Pollution 140) In an attempt to increase the security of your network, you implement a solution that will help keep your wireless network undiscoverable and accessible only to those that know it. How do you accomplish this? a) Lock all users b) Disable SSID broadcasting c) Delete the wireless network d) Remove all passwords 141) John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network. In this process, he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique, John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and C&C server. What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall? a) DNS cache snooping b) DNS tunneling method c) DNS enumeration d) DNSSEC zone walking 142) Bob was recently hired by a medical company after it experienced a major cyber security breach. Many patients are complaining that their personal medical records are fully exposed on the Internet and someone can find them with a simple Google search. Bob's boss is very worried because of regulations that protect those data. Which of the following regulations is mostly violated? a) ISO 2002 b) HIPPA PHI c) PCI DSS d) PII 143) What would be the fastest way to perform content enumeration on a given web server by using the Gobuster tool? a) Skipping SSL certificate verification b) Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and random file extensions c) Performing content enumeration using a wordlist d) Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads 144) Which file is a rich target to discover the structure of a website during web-server footprinting? a) Robots.txt b) Document root c) domain.txt d) index.html 145) John wants to send Marie an email that includes sensitive information, and he does not trust the network that he is connected to. Marie gives him the idea of using PGP. What should john do to communicate correctly using this type of encryption? a) Use his own public key to encrypt the message. b) Use Marie's public key to encrypt the message. c) Use his own private key to encrypt the message. d) Use Marie's private key to encrypt the message. 146) Ethical hacker jane Smith is attempting to perform an SQL Injection attack. She wants to test the response time of a true or false response and wants to use a second command to determine whether the database will return true or false results for user IDs. Which two SQL injection types would give her the results she is looking a) Time-based and boolean-based b) Union-based and error-based c) Time-based and union-based d) Out of band and boolean-based 147) In order to tailor your tests during a web-application scan, you decide to determine which web-server version is hosting the application. On using the sV flag with Nmap, you obtain the following response: 80/tcp open http-proxy Apache Server 7.1.6 What information-gathering technique does this best describe? a) Banner grabbing b) Brute forcing c) WHOIS lookup d) Dictionary attack 148) What is the file that determines the basic configuration (specifically activities, services, broadcast receivers, etc.) in an Android application? a) classes.dex b) AndroidManifest.xml c) resources.asrc d) APK.info 149) Sam, a professional hacker, targeted an organization with intention of compromising AWS IAM credentials. He attempted to lure one of the employees of the organization by initiating fake calls while posing as a legitimate employee. Moreover, he sent phishing emails to steal the AWS IAM credentials and further compromise the employee's account. What is the technique used by Sam to compromise the AWS IAM credentials? a) Password reuse b) Insider threat c) Social engineering d) Reverse engineering 150) In this form of encryption algorithm, every individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm? a) IDEA b) MD5 encryption algorithm c) AES d) Triple Data Encryption Standard 151) Judy created a forum. One day, she discovers that a user is posting strange images without writing comments. She immediately calls a security expert, who discovers that the following code is hidden behind those images: document.write('