Cybersecurity and Health Information Technology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of biometric authentication?

Finger print (correct)

Secure ID

Password

Digital signature

What type of security threat is often associated with manipulation based on relationships in an organization?

Social engineering (correct)

Spyware

Malware

Hacking

What is one common action organizations take to address physical security risks with file writing?

Allow all employees to write files

Limit authorization to write files (correct)

Increase access to USB ports

Turn off data encryption

Which of the following methods can be used to protect against spyware?

Limiting browser functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tool can help organizations protect against security breaches while connected to the Internet?

Proxy server (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a common threat to corporate networks?

Digital signatures (A) Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should updates for antivirus software ideally be run?

Weekly or daily (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential job role within an organization that focuses specifically on monitoring employee activity?

Electronic Auditor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of health information technology (HIT)?

To provide timely access to accurate health information (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between security and privacy as defined in the content?

Security refers to protecting information, while privacy involves the individual's right to control personal information. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility of organizations in protecting personal health information?

To implement actions that secure personal health information (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of trustworthy Health Information Technology (HIT)?

Modifying data at any time for convenience (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines privacy according to the content?

Privacy encompasses the freedom from outside interference in personal affairs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is crucial for nurses in protecting personal health information?

Verifying the accuracy and completeness of electronic health records (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'system security' as mentioned in the content?

Protecting information from accidental or intentional disclosure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key method for user authentication related to network security?

Implementing two-factor authentication (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical threat to network security that organizations should prevent?

Phishing attacks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do legal and ethical obligations in HIT primarily ensure?

Confidential data remains available when needed (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about spyware is true?

Spyware collects data without user consent. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does trust in technology affect the quality of care provided by nurses?

It ensures that accurate information is available at the point of care (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to ethical guidelines, what should nurses ensure regarding the use of technology?

That it respects the dignity and rights of patients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for systems designed to perform health-critical functions?

They should operate safely to prevent errors. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What must consumers trust in relation to their caregivers handling personal health information?

That the information will be kept confidential and used appropriately (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has the increased electronic exchange of health information introduced?

New risks to personal privacy and patient safety (C) Signup and view all the answers

What must an agency have in place if a portable device is lost or stolen?

Clear procedures to protect sensitive data (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a VPN in a corporate network?

Encrypting data transmitted via the network (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights do patients receive under international privacy standards?

The right to access their medical records (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of audit trails in a secure system and network?

To trace the actions of any entity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the disclosure of health information is accurate?

Most disclosure should be limited to the minimum necessary (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contributor to the compromise of confidentiality in network information?

Shoulder surfing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is crucial for ensuring data integrity within an organization?

Clear policies on data input and changes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the methods used for authenticating users in secure systems?

Username and password (C) Signup and view all the answers

How often should employees be required to change their passwords according to typical security policies?

Every thirty or sixty days (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is essential to ensure compliance with copyright laws and fair use principles?

Citing sources appropriately (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can potentially happen as a result of linking computers together in a network?

Breach of network security (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a misconception regarding copyright laws in the digital world?

Copyright laws do not apply online (D) Signup and view all the answers

What method can organizations implement to protect network availability?

Policies for monitoring unauthorized access (D) Signup and view all the answers

What principle emphasizes the individual's right to review their own health information?

Correction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle involves providing individuals the ability to make informed decisions regarding their health data?

Individual choice (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'Data quality and integrity' principle?

Guaranteeing the data is complete and accurate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle relates to the protection of health information through various types of safeguards?

Safeguards (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'Openness and transparency' require regarding policies affecting health information?

Policies and procedures should be easily accessible and clear. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which principle addresses the necessity for data collection to be limited to specific purposes?

Collection and use (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Individual access' in the privacy framework?

Individuals should have a timely means to access their health information in a readable format. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The principle of 'Fairness' mainly highlights which of the following?

Equitable treatment in the collection of health data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patient Confidentiality and Information Security

Organizations must protect personal health information (PHI).
Nurses play a key role in protecting PHI.
Electronic health information introduces new risks to privacy and patient safety.
The American Nurses Association's (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses emphasizes promoting, advocating for, and protecting patient health, safety, and rights.
Electronic health records (EHRs) should be accurate and complete.
Patients must trust caregivers to maintain confidentiality and use their health info ethically and legally.
The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses emphasizes holding personal information in confidence and ensuring technology use is compatible with safety, dignity, and rights.
Protecting PHI is each nurse's responsibility.
Electronic information exchange introduces new security risks.
Malicious software, like spyware, viruses, and Trojan horses can compromise systems.

Objectives

Describe actions required for protecting personal health information.
Identify nursing activities for protecting PHI.
Assess processes for securing electronic information in a computer network.
Identify user authentication methods and relate them to network security.
Explain methods for anticipating and preventing typical network security threats.

Introduction

Recording, exchanging, monitoring health information electronically increases risk to privacy and patient safety.
Registered nurses are trained in respecting personal privacy and protecting confidential information.
Caregivers need reliable access to information at the point of care.
The accuracy and integrity of patient's EHRs are crucial.

Confidentiality Practices for Nurses

Avoid discussing patient information in public places.
Keep user names and passwords secure.
Log off computers when leaving.
Attend educational sessions regarding confidentiality policies.
Do not take or use patient photos without permission.
Never share information with those who don't need to know.
Do not allow unauthorized observations of patient care.
Avoid posting information or pictures of patients on social media.

Confidentiality Practices for Nurses (continued)

Dispose of records containing PHI according to policy.
Avoid unnecessary printing of PHI.
Never transfer PHI to outside entities unless authorized.
Only access records with authorization (your own or others).
Follow security rules for accessing PHI remotely.
Report any privacy breaches promptly.

Healthcare Privacy Principles

A Nationwide Privacy and Security Framework exists for exchanging individually identifiable health information.
Eight guiding principles ensure all people and entities involved in networked electronic data exchanges maintain and respect patient privacy.

Healthcare Privacy Principles (continued)

Openness: Ensuring openness of policies, procedures, and technologies.
Transparency: Information and processes affecting patients should be open and transparent.
Fairness: Ensuring fairness in how patient information is handled.
Choice: Patients have the ability to choose how their information is collected, used, and disclosed.
Collection/Use: Patient information shouldn't be accessed beyond the scope of the intended purpose.
Data Quality/Integrity: Maintain accurate, complete, and updated patient information.
Safeguards: Protect patient information from unauthorized access, use, and disclosure via administrative, technical, and physical safeguards.
Accountability: Mechanisms must exist to track and monitor adherence to the privacy guidelines.

Securing Network Information

Linking of computers and external connections creates network security vulnerabilities
"Shoulder surfing" is a physical security threat.
Employees need confidence in the accuracy of the information they read.
Clear input and data change policies are needed.

Authentication of Users

Authentication verifies user/entity identity for accessing systems.
Authentication of personnel is used in security policies.
Policies often mandate password changes periodically.

Key Features of a Secure System and Network: Authentication

Methods authenticate the correct identity or group membership.
Methods include usernames, passwords, digital signatures, secure IDs, and biometric authentication (fingerprints, retina scans).

Key Features of a Secure System and Network : Authorization and Access Control

Access control lists define authorized access rights (reading, writing, modification, data deletion, and program deletion).

Authentication of Users (continued)

Devices recognize thumbprints, retina patterns, or facial features.
Combination approaches for security are common.

Threats to Security

Security risks include hackers and malicious software (e.g., spyware, viruses, worms, Trojans).
Spyware is often hidden in seemingly harmless downloads.
Social engineering exploits relationships for gaining access.
Software tracks and monitors employee activity.

Security Tools

Antivirus software and email scanning. Updates are essential.
Proxy server is hardware security protecting against breaches.
Firewalls are electronic security guards, blocking external access to corporate networks.

Offsite Use of Portable Devices

Procedures for lost devices are required.
Virtual private networks (VPNs) encrypt data transfer.
Offsite use on laptop, PDA, home systems, and portable devices help streamline healthcare.

International Privacy and Confidentiality Standards

Limit use and release of PHI.
Patients have the right to access their records and know who has accessed them.
Disclosure of PHI limited to minimum needed for the purpose.
New requirements for access to records by researchers and others exist.

Key Features of a Secure System and Network: Accountability

Actions of entities are tracked.
Audit trails record data movement.
Identification of the user, data source, user's info, date/time, and activity nature are crucial for accountability.

References

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). (Chapter 12, pages 563-593).

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Description

Test your knowledge on cybersecurity best practices and health information technology. This quiz covers various topics, including biometric authentication, security threats, and the responsibilities of organizations in protecting health information. Ideal for students and professionals in technology and health sectors.