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Questions and Answers
What denotes a default transition in a state machine?
What denotes a default transition in a state machine?
- Dashed lines (correct)
- Solid lines
- Dotted lines
- Colored lines
Which statement best defines a deterministic state machine?
Which statement best defines a deterministic state machine?
- It can get stuck in a specific state.
- At most one transition is enabled by each input value. (correct)
- At least one transition is enabled by each input value.
- More than one transition can be enabled by the same input value.
What is the main characteristic of a receptive state machine?
What is the main characteristic of a receptive state machine?
- It only reacts to specific unique inputs.
- It can become inoperative based on certain inputs.
- At least one transition is possible for each input symbol. (correct)
- There is no transition possible on every input symbol.
Why are extended state machines used?
Why are extended state machines used?
In the traffic light example, how long does the light stay green before transitioning to yellow?
In the traffic light example, how long does the light stay green before transitioning to yellow?
What is the role of the 'count' variable in the extended state machine of the traffic light?
What is the role of the 'count' variable in the extended state machine of the traffic light?
When does the traffic light transition to the yellow state?
When does the traffic light transition to the yellow state?
What ensures that all state machines in the graphical notation are receptive?
What ensures that all state machines in the graphical notation are receptive?
What is a key characteristic of a default transition in a state machine?
What is a key characteristic of a default transition in a state machine?
Which statement accurately describes determinacy in state machines?
Which statement accurately describes determinacy in state machines?
What is meant by receptiveness in the context of state machines?
What is meant by receptiveness in the context of state machines?
Why might one use an extended state machine instead of a simple FSM?
Why might one use an extended state machine instead of a simple FSM?
In the provided traffic light example, what condition must be met for the light to transition from green to yellow?
In the provided traffic light example, what condition must be met for the light to transition from green to yellow?
How does the default transition impact the behavior of a state machine?
How does the default transition impact the behavior of a state machine?
What role does the 'count' variable play in the extended state machine for the traffic light?
What role does the 'count' variable play in the extended state machine for the traffic light?
What defines a possible transition in a state machine?
What defines a possible transition in a state machine?
Flashcards
Deterministic State Machine
Deterministic State Machine
A state machine where, for each state, there's only one possible transition for each input.
Receptive State Machine
Receptive State Machine
A state machine that always has at least one possible transition for any input.
Default Transition
Default Transition
A transition that is taken if no other specific transition is possible.
Extended State Machine
Extended State Machine
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State Machine
State Machine
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Transition
Transition
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Input Symbol
Input Symbol
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Variable
Variable
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Guard Condition
Guard Condition
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What is the purpose of a default transition?
What is the purpose of a default transition?
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How do extended state machines handle complex behaviors?
How do extended state machines handle complex behaviors?
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What does the 'receptiveness' of a state machine ensure?
What does the 'receptiveness' of a state machine ensure?
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Study Notes
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
- CPS is a system combining computer systems and physical components.
- Lecture 5 covers this topic.
Chapter 3: Discrete Dynamics, State Machines
- This chapter focuses on discrete dynamics and state machines.
- The structure is focused on transitions, determinacy and receptiveness.
Default Transitions
- Default transitions follow dashed lines, and are enabled when no other transition is active and its guard condition is true.
- The guard condition specifies the conditions for enabling a transition.
Determinacy and Receptiveness
- Deterministic state machines have exactly one transition enabled for each input in every state.
- Receptiveness guarantees at least one possible transition for each input in every state.
- This prevents a state machine from getting stuck.
Receptiveness
- A receptive state machine has at least one transition possible for each allowed input value in every state.
- The update function ensures that every state and input value has a corresponding action.
- Implicit default transitions, used in diagrams, also help machines stay receptive.
Extended State Machines
- Complex state machines (with many states) require more manageable formal notation.
- Extended state machines use variables that are updated during transitions to prevent awkward graphical representations.
Notation for General Extended State Machines
- Variables, inputs, and outputs are explicitly declared.
Example - Traffic Light State Machine
- An extended state machine manages a traffic light at a pedestrian crossing.
- It is time-triggered, reacting once per second.
- Counts 60 seconds in the red state, then transitions to green.
- The light stays green until a pedestrian request is detected.
- A variable called count helps manage the time.
- Different actions (e.g., changing the light to yellow or red) are defined on encountering special states triggered by time and/or pedestrian input.
Behaviors and Traces
- FSM behavior is a sequential record of inputs, states, and outputs.
- Traces are precise records of this behaviour.
- Computation trees visually represent all possible behavior traces.
- FSMs help analyze behaviors, helping predict and/or avoid unsafe states.
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Description
This quiz covers Lecture 5 of Cyber Physical Systems, focusing on discrete dynamics and state machines. It includes concepts like default transitions, determinacy, and receptiveness in state machines. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in CPS.
