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Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of a Finite State Machine (FSM)?
What is a primary characteristic of a Finite State Machine (FSM)?
Which of the following best describes a guard in the context of a Finite State Machine?
Which of the following best describes a guard in the context of a Finite State Machine?
In a garage counter Finite State Machine, what is likely a key output?
In a garage counter Finite State Machine, what is likely a key output?
What type of signals can be used in guards for signals with numerical values?
What type of signals can be used in guards for signals with numerical values?
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Which application best exemplifies the use of a Finite State Machine in a control system?
Which application best exemplifies the use of a Finite State Machine in a control system?
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What is a potential advantage of using a Finite State Machine in system design?
What is a potential advantage of using a Finite State Machine in system design?
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In the context of a garage counter Finite State Machine, which component is essential for state transitions?
In the context of a garage counter Finite State Machine, which component is essential for state transitions?
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What type of system is characterized by distinct states and transitions between them?
What type of system is characterized by distinct states and transitions between them?
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Which of the following best illustrates a guard condition with numerical values in a Finite State Machine?
Which of the following best illustrates a guard condition with numerical values in a Finite State Machine?
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In a discrete system, which feature primarily distinguishes a Finite State Machine from other design methods?
In a discrete system, which feature primarily distinguishes a Finite State Machine from other design methods?
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Study Notes
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) - Lecture 4
- CPS is an abbreviation for Cyber Physical Systems
- Lecture 4 covers Discrete Dynamics & State Machines
- Discrete systems operate in a sequence of distinct steps or have signals taking discrete values. Discrete systems have discrete dynamics
- Today's lecture will cover models (i.e., programs) of discrete systems, types and interfaces including states, transitions, guards, and determinism/receptiveness.
Discrete Systems - Example Design Problem
- Count the number of cars in a parking garage by sensing cars entering and leaving.
- Display the count.
- Arrival detection triggers "up" signal
- Departure detection triggers "down" signal
Discrete Systems - Example Diagram
- Diagram shows Arrival Detector, Departure Detector, Counter display with a sum.
- 'up' signal increases counter, 'down' signal decreases counter.
- Pure signal: up/down → {absent, present}
- Discrete Actor: Counter: (R → {absent, present}) → (R → {absent} ∪ N).
Discrete Systems - Finite State Machine (FSM)
- A state machine that models a system with discrete dynamics.
- At each reaction, maps inputs to outputs.
- The map depends on the current state.
- An FSM where the set of States is finite
- Example: States = {State1, State2, State3}
FSM Notation
- Diagrammatic representation of FSMs
- States are shown as circles
- Transitions are shown as arrows between states
- Associated with each transition are the transition's guard (condition that enables it), and an action/description.
Examples of Guards
- true: Transition always enabled.
- p1: Transition enabled if p1 is present.
- ¬p1: Transition enabled if p1 is absent.
- p1 ∧ p2: Transition enabled if both p1 and p2 are present.
- p1 ∨ p2: Transition enabled if either p1 or p2 is present.
Examples of Guards with numerical values
- p3: Transition enabled if p3 is present.
- p3 = 1: Transition is enabled if p3 has value 1.
- p3 > 5: Transition is enabled if p3's value is above 5.
Garage Counter FSM
- Shows a FSM for a parking garage counter.
- States represent the number of cars in the garage – Example: state 0, 1, ..., M (M maximum capacity)
Garage Counter Mathematical Model
- Formally defines the update function, initial conditions, the states.
- Function calculates the next state of the system based on current input and state.
- Example, UpdateFunction (s(n), x(n)).
Example of Thermostat
- A simple thermostat FSM. The thermostat has different states to heat or cool depending in temperature.
- States: heating, cooling
- Transitions occur based on current temperature
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Description
This quiz focuses on Lecture 4 of Cyber Physical Systems, covering Discrete Dynamics & State Machines. You'll explore the operation of discrete systems, state transitions, and the design problem of counting cars in a parking garage through discrete signals. Test your understanding of models, types, and interfaces in CPS.
