Questions and Answers
What do sensors do?
Transform physical or environmental values into electrical impulses.
What is the primary function of actuators?
Convert electrical information into mechanical motion.
Which of the following are types of sensors in Cyber-Physical Systems? (Select all that apply)
What do capacitive sensors measure?
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Which type of actuator is used for precise control over position and rotation?
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Actuators do not need any commands to operate.
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Sensors and ______ work together to allow machines to perceive their environment.
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Match the following types of sensors with their functions:
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Study Notes
Overview of Cyber-Physical Systems
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computation, networking, and physical processes.
- The seamless communication between sensors and actuators ensures machines perceive, interpret, and react to their environments.
Sensors
- Sensors convert physical or environmental changes into electrical signals.
- Essential for data collection, allowing machines to interact with their surroundings.
Types of Sensors
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Thermocouples: Generate voltage in response to temperature changes.
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Temperature Sensors:
- RTDs: Change resistance with temperature variations.
- Thermistors: Resistance decreases as temperature increases.
- Infrared Sensors: Measure temperature based on emitted infrared radiation.
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Pressure Sensors:
- Strain Gauge Sensors: Measure pressure-induced deformation.
- Capacitive Sensors: Detect pressure changes via capacitance variations.
- Piezoelectric Sensors: Generate electrical charges in response to pressure.
- Piezoresistive Sensors: Change resistance based on applied pressure.
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Motion Sensors:
- Accelerometers: Measure acceleration forces on multiple axes.
- Gyroscopes: Detect angular velocity and orientation.
- Infrared Sensors: Monitor motion using infrared radiation.
- Ultrasonic Sensors: Detect objects and motion through sound waves.
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Light Sensors:
- Photodiodes: Convert light into electrical current.
- Phototransistors: Amplify current based on light intensity.
- Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs): Resistance changes with light levels.
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Humidity Sensors:
- Resistive Sensors: Change resistance based on humidity.
- Capacitive Sensors: Measure capacitance changes linked to humidity.
Actuators
- Actuators convert electrical signals into mechanical motion, executing commands in the real world.
Types of Actuators
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Motors:
- DC Motors: Provide variable speed control, ideal for precise movement.
- AC Motors: Suitable for high-speed, high-torque applications in industry.
- Stepper Motors: Allow fine control over position and rotation, used in robotics.
- Servo Motors: Offer precise control of angular position, speed, and acceleration, crucial for high accuracy tasks.
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Hydraulic Actuators:
- Hydraulic Cylinders: Convert hydraulic pressure into linear motion, used in heavy machinery.
- Hydraulic Motors: Produce rotary motion from hydraulic pressure, used in excavators.
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Pneumatic Actuators:
- Pneumatic Cylinders: Convert compressed air into linear motion, widely utilized in automation.
- Pneumatic Motors: Generate rotary motion using compressed air for tools and machinery.
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Thermal Actuators:
- Bimetallic Actuators: Use the thermal expansion of two different metals to initiate movement.
- Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs): Change shape in response to temperature, enabling small, precise movements.
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Electromagnetic Actuators:
- Solenoids: Convert electrical energy into linear motion, often used in locks and valves.
- Voice Coil Actuators: Employ electromagnetic forces for precision positioning systems.
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Description
Explore the essential components of Cyber Physical Systems in this quiz, focusing on hardware platforms, sensors, and actuators. Learn about how these devices gather data and facilitate communication between machines and their environments. Enhance your understanding of system requirements and design.
