Cyber Crime and Hacking Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of phishing emails?

  • To advertise products from trusted sources
  • To provide legitimate offers and discounts
  • To promote secure online practices
  • To fraudulently collect sensitive personal information (correct)

Which method is commonly used for phishing through email?

  • Email content manipulation
  • Email address spoofing (correct)
  • Email timestamp spoofing
  • Email encryption

What type of identity theft involves using a victim’s data for medical purposes?

  • Criminal identity theft
  • Financial identity theft
  • Social identity theft
  • Medical identity theft (correct)

How can ransomware typically gain access to a computer system?

<p>Through malicious websites and spam email attachments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence victims face when attacked by ransomware?

<p>Pressure to pay a ransom to regain access to their data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method of identity theft mentioned?

<p>Biometric identity theft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it often difficult to identify phishing emails?

<p>They closely mimic authentic sources and use official logos. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective behind monetary gain in identity theft?

<p>Using stolen credentials for illegitimate profit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of ransomware?

<p>It demands a fee to regain access to locked files. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of two-factor authentication?

<p>It provides an added layer of security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you look for to confirm a website's security before entering sensitive information?

<p>A reputable security trust mark. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does illegal downloading primarily contribute to?

<p>Digital piracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ransomware typically trick its victims?

<p>Through scare tactics and intimidation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is considered illegal downloading?

<p>Sharing music files without permission from the copyright holder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a measure that can help protect against malware attacks?

<p>Ensuring HTTPS is present in the website address. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the illegal sharing of copyrighted media?

<p>Digital piracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of online identity theft?

<p>To steal someone else's identity for financial gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for preventing cybercrime?

<p>Allowing browsers to save passwords on public computers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you check for before downloading software from a website?

<p>That the website address begins with HTTPS or has a lock symbol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of auction fraud?

<p>Receiving counterfeit items or low-quality products after payment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to manage your social media privacy settings?

<p>To protect personal information from being exploited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if prompted to accept cookies from unknown websites?

<p>Decline the request to accept cookies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of downloading files from untrustworthy websites?

<p>They often contain hidden malware like ransomware or Trojan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can securing your wireless network benefit you?

<p>It prevents unauthorized access and cyber threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the penalties for the first conviction of child pornography under cyber law?

<p>2 to 5 years of imprisonment and a fine of 1 lakh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Western societies, the penalties for distributing child pornography are generally severe. What is included in these penalties?

<p>Incarceration with shorter sentences for non-commercial distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of scam involves the unauthorized use of credit/debit card information?

<p>Credit/Debit Card Fraud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'non-delivery of goods/service fraud' refer to?

<p>A scam where the buyer pays for goods/services but receives nothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of spoofing in cyber fraud?

<p>To obtain vital information under false pretenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phishing is a specific type of fraud associated with what?

<p>Pretending to be a trusted institution to gather information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does identity theft entail?

<p>Unauthorized use of another person's personal information for fraudulent activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to first-time offenders of possessing child pornography material?

<p>Their sentences are often converted to probation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intent of cybercriminals when carrying out cyber crimes?

<p>To cause physical harm, financial loss, or mental harassment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a common type of cybercrime?

<p>Business negotiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ethical hackers from non-ethical hackers?

<p>Ethical hackers aim to improve security, while non-ethical hackers exploit vulnerabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of cybercrime includes denial-of-service attacks?

<p>Crimes targeting computer networks or devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hacker is known for attempting to gain unauthorized access for illegal purposes?

<p>Black hat hacker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of black hat hackers?

<p>Security cracking and data stealing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the act of phishing?

<p>Stealing identity information through deceptive emails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of cyber terrorism?

<p>Physical harm or significant disruption to national security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes white hat hackers from black hat hackers?

<p>They use their skills for defensive purposes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes grey hat hackers?

<p>Their behavior can vary between offensive and defensive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method for conducting a phishing attack?

<p>Sending fraudulent emails that mimic trusted entities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario commonly leads to eavesdropping attacks?

<p>Connecting to an unsecured network. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the protective measures against phishing?

<p>Keep your operating system updated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do black hat hackers typically do?

<p>Perform malicious activities for personal gains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding phishing emails is true?

<p>They often include links to fake websites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for eavesdropping in the context of hacking?

<p>sniffing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Phishing

Deceitful practice where fake websites or emails, mimicking legitimate sources, trick users into revealing sensitive information like login details, credit card numbers.

Email Spoofing

A phishing technique using a fake email address that appears to originate from a trusted source, like a bank or institution.

Identity Theft

Criminal activity where someone uses another person's stolen personal data, such as bank details, to commit fraud.

Financial Identity Theft

Type of identity theft using stolen data to commit financial crimes, like fraudulent transactions.

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Criminal Identity Theft

Type of identity theft where criminals use stolen personal information to avoid detection.

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Medical Identity Theft

Type of identity theft where stolen information is used to obtain medical drugs or treatment.

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Ransomware

A type of cybercrime where attackers block access to data by encrypting it, demanding payment to unlock it.

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Ransomware

Malware that spreads through malicious websites, downloads, email attachments, or online ads, encrypting user data and demanding ransom for its release.

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Cybercrime

Intentional, unlawful acts committed using computer networks or devices to cause harm, financial loss, or harassment.

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Hacker

A person who illegally gains unauthorized access to computer systems or networks without permission.

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Hacking

Using a computer to gain unauthorized access to a computer network or digital system with the intent to steal data, cause damage, or gain control.

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Ethical Hacking

Hacking that involves exploiting vulnerabilities to test and improve the security of a system.

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White Hat Hacker

A type of ethical hacker who uses their skills to find security weaknesses in software or systems.

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Black Hat Hacker

A type of hacker who uses their skills for illegal activities, such as stealing data or causing harm.

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Crimes targeting computer networks or devices

A type of cybercrime that aims to disrupt or disable computer networks or devices, often using viruses or DoS attacks.

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Crimes using computer networks for other criminal activities

A type of cybercrime that uses computer networks to facilitate other criminal activities, such as stalking, phishing, or fraud.

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What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malware that locks your computer or encrypts your files and demands a payment to unlock them.

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How does ransomware spread?

Ransomware can be spread through deceptive links in emails, instant messages, or websites.

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What is illegal downloading?

Illegal downloading is obtaining copyrighted media without permission, like music, movies, or software.

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What is digital piracy?

Illegal downloading often involves sharing copyrighted content with others without permission.

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What is child pornography?

Child pornography is the distribution of sexually explicit material featuring children.

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What is a concern about child pornography?

Child pornography is illegal and harmful and has increased due to easy internet access.

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How do I know if a website is secure?

Look for HTTPS in the address bar (the web address) to make sure your data is encrypted.

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How can I trust a website?

Confirm a website's authenticity by looking for a reputable trust mark.

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Grey Hat Hackers

Hackers who operate both ethically and unethically, making their actions unpredictable.

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Eavesdropping Attack

An attack where an attacker intercepts, modifies, or deletes data transmitted between devices.

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Phishing Email

Fake emails or websites designed to trick users into revealing personal information.

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Phishing Protections

A set of preventive measures to avoid becoming a victim of phishing attacks.

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Spoofing

A type of fraud where a scammer imitates another person's identity to access accounts or obtain sensitive information.

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Credit/Debit Card Fraud

Using credit or debit cards without authorization to gain money or goods through online transactions.

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Non-delivery of Goods/Service Fraud

A scam where buyers pay for goods or services online, but never receive them.

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Internet Fraud

A broad term for any fraudulent scheme using the internet to manipulate victims, conduct illegal transactions, or steal money.

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Child Pornography

Illegal material depicting children engaged in sexually explicit acts.

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Child Pornography Laws

Cybercrimes involving the production, distribution, or possession of child pornography, leading to severe legal penalties.

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Online Identity Theft

Identity theft that occurs online, where someone steals your personal information, like login details or passwords, to pretend to be you.

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Auction Fraud

A fraud that targets online auctions where people are tricked into paying for items that are either not as described or do not exist.

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System Security

Protecting your computer system from malware and cyber attacks by keeping software up-to-date and backing up important data.

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Password Security

Protecting your personal information online by creating strong passwords, using a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols, and changing them regularly.

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Secure Website

A website that uses HTTPS or a padlock symbol to indicate that the information transmitted between your computer and the website is encrypted and secure.

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Antivirus Software

Software that protects your computer from viruses and malware by scanning for and removing threats.

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Incognito Mode

A browser setting that prevents websites from storing passwords or auto-filling data, safeguarding your information from unauthorized access on shared computers.

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Study Notes

Cyber Crime

  • Criminal activities conducted in a digital environment
  • Computer itself can be the target, or used as a tool
  • Crimes can target individuals, groups, organizations, or countries
  • Goal is to cause physical harm, financial loss, or mental distress
  • Cybercriminals attack computers/networks to disable data or services
  • Spread malware (viruses) for data theft and extortion
  • Malwares aim to corrupt systems and gain unauthorized access.
  • Cybercrimes are increasing rapidly
  • Common examples are hacking, ransomware attacks, denial-of-service attacks, phishing, email fraud, and banking fraud.

Hacking

  • Unauthorized access to a computer/network/digital system
  • Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in hardware and software.
  • Ethical hacking is done with positive intent (security testing)
  • White-hat hackers help improve software security
  • Non-ethical hacking is done with the intention to damage or steal data.
  • Black hat hackers focus on security cracking
  • Hackers and crackers may attack for financial gain, identity theft, or business-related reasons.

Phishing and Fraud Emails

  • Fake websites/emails mimic authentic sources
  • Goal is to get sensitive personal information (passwords, credit card details)
  • Common method: email spoofing (using a fake address)
  • Phishing attempts can come in emails, phone calls, and text messages
  • Identity theft: stealing personal information for fraudulent activities (using someone else's identity to get something or money)
  • Various methods to prevent phishing are given

Ransomware

  • Cyberattacks that block access to files
  • Purpose is to get a ransom from victims
  • Data encryption is a common method
  • Victims can be threatened with data publication or other malicious actions
  • Ransomware spreads through malicious websites or downloads

Illegal Downloading

  • Obtaining copyrighted files without permission.
  • A primary concern regarding digital piracy.
  • Leads to significant loss to developers/producers
  • Can cause legal implications/punishments for the person performing the illegal downloading.

Child Pornography

  • Publishing/transmitting obscene content about children online.
  • Common method: accessing illegal websites/files
  • Significant criminal activity, leading to severe punishment under cyber law
  • Has severe penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment

Cyber Scams and Frauds

  • Fraudulent schemes using the internet
  • Methods include: credit card fraud, non-delivery of goods/services, spoofing/phishing scams, identity theft, auction fraud.

Preventing Cyber Crime

  • Backup important data regularly
  • Update antivirus software regularly
  • Strong passwords, changed frequently
  • Secure websites use HTTPS
  • Be cautious of suspicious websites, emails, and attachments
  • Use privacy settings on social media to protect personal information

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Cyber Crime PDF

Description

Explore the world of cyber crimes and hacking in this quiz. Understand how these digital offenses are performed, the motivations behind them, and the different types of hackers. Test your knowledge on the methods used by cybercriminals and the impact of their actions on individuals and organizations.

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