Introduction to CYBERCRIME

Hacking

• Hacking is circumventing security measures to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network.
• This includes unauthorized access to or control of computer systems or networks.

Types of Hackers

• Black Hat Hackers: Engage in malicious activities like stealing data, committing financial fraud, and causing damage.
• White Hat Hackers (Ethical hackers): Ethical hackers identify and fix security vulnerabilities in systems, working to protect from attacks.
• Grey Hat Hackers: Exploit vulnerabilities without malicious intent but without authorization. They may expose vulnerabilities to gain recognition or offer to fix them for a fee.

Malware

• Malware is malicious software that infiltrates a computer system to perform malicious acts without the user's consent.
• Malware can be acquired via:
  • Downloading files from suspicious and unsecured websites.
  • Sharing files on flash drives and network drives.
  • Attachments in emails.

Malware Capabilities

• Propagation: The ability to spread to other systems.
• Destruction: Deleting critical system files and stopping computer operations.
• Extortion: The ability to fuel far and demand money.
• Exploitation: The ability to exploit vulnerabilities to gain access and control of the target system.
• Deception: The ability to trick users into downloading infected files or other malicious components.
• Information Theft: Stealing critical and sensitive user information.

Computer Virus

• A type of malware that replicates itself by modifying other computer programs when executed.
• It cannot spread without human action.

Computer Worm

• Malicious software that spreads itself from one computer to another without human interaction.
• It's a standalone program that can replicate itself.

Bot Malware

• Known as botnets.
• Infects computers and turns them into "zombies" or "bots" under the control of a remote attacker.
• Exploits vulnerabilities in computer systems.

Ransomware

• Malicious software that holds a victim's sensitive data or device hostage.
• The victim has to pay ransom to the hacker to regain access.
• Data is encrypted to extort a ransom payment.

Trojan Horse

• Computer software that looks legitimate or innocent but is actually harmful.
• It tricks users into downloading and installing it, often through social engineering tactics like phishing or fake advertisements.

Backdoor

• Malware that negates normal authentication procedures to access a system.
• It's a means of access to a computer program that bypasses security mechanisms.

Spyware

• Malicious software installed on a computer device without the end-user's knowledge.
• Aims to gather information about the person or organization and send it to another entity.

Rootkit

• "Root" (traditional privileged account on UNIX) "kit". Implements software components.
• A set of programs that patches and Trojan existing execution paths within a system.
• Hackers need root-level access to install a root kit.

How to Prevent Malware

• Keep system, tools, and applications patched and updated regularly.
• Avoid installing suspicious or cracked applications.
• Do not insert unknown flash drives into your computer.
• Install and enable antivirus software or reliable endpoint security.
• Avoid downloading or clicking on suspicious links on unknown websites or pop-up prompts.
• Be wary of email links and attachments before opening.

Social Engineering

• The act of manipulating people into divulging sensitive information or performing acts that compromise security.
• Examples include phishing, pretexting, baiting, and tailgating.

Social Engineering (Cycle)

• The cycle consists of information gathering, relationship building, and exploitation.

Types of Social Engineering

• Phishing
• Spear Phishing
• Whaling
• Baiting
• Pretexting
• Tailgating
• Quid Pro Quo
• Smishing
• Vishing
• Business Email Compromise
• Water Hole Attacks
• Scareware
• Romance Scams

Phishing

• The act of manipulating people into divulging sensitive information or performing acts that compromise security.
• Phishing, pretexting, baiting, and tailgating are examples of social engineering.

Denial-of-Service

• An attempt to overload a website or network, to degrade its performance or make it inaccessible.
• A flood of traffic causes the target to become slow, unresponsive, or completely inaccessible to legitimate users.

Identity Theft

• Cybercriminals steal personal information and use it to impersonate you.
• They use this information without your permission to commit fraud or other illegal activities.

Online Scams

• Deceptive schemes carried out by cybercriminals using the internet to steal information, money, or both.
• This includes stealing money and personal information.

Types of Online Scams

• Phishing Scams
• Tech Support Scams
• Online Shopping Scams
• Social Engineering Scams
• Investment Scams
• Romance Scams
• Lottery and Prize Scams
• Charity Scams
• Impersonation Scams
• Work-from-Home Scams

How to Protect from Online Scams

• Educate yourself
• Strengthen your online security
• Be cautious with personal information
• Secure online transactions
• Avoid public Wi-Fi

Other Types of Cybercrime

• Cyberbullying
• Doxxing
• Cyber Extortion
• Cyber Espionage
• Cyber Stalking
• Prohibited/Illegal Consent
• Financial Fraud
• Software Piracy

This quiz covers the fundamentals of hacking, including different types of hackers and the nature of malware. Understand the differences between black hat, white hat, and grey hat hackers, as well as how malware infiltrates systems. Test your knowledge on these critical cybersecurity topics.